Efficacy of N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine against glyphosate induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in testicular germ cells preventing infertility

Abstract

The present era's demand for continuous pesticides' use to increase the agriculture outcome, has caused numerous health effects among which mammalian infertility, owing to reproductive toxicity, is serious. Thus, the present study emphasizes upon glyphosate (GLY) induced toxicity and mitigating effects of N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) in testicular cells of caprine by using various cytotoxic and biochemical parameters. GLY was found to induce several apoptotic attributes such as pyknotic nuclei, tubular degeneration, increased vacuolization, and so on, in testicular cells. GLY also decreased the cell viability and increased the incidence of apoptosis in testicular cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner as revealed by MTT assay and Fluorescence (ethidium bromide/acridine orange) assay, respectively. It also increased the level of oxidative stress as evident with an increase in lipid peroxidation and decline in antioxidant power along with the decreased enzymatic activity of different antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GST). However, NAC supplementation showed antagonistic results in GLY‐treated testicular tissues with maximum amelioration at the highest dose, thereby decreasing GLY‐mediated apoptosis rate and oxidative stress. Maximum amelioration was reported at 10 mM NAC concentration. Reduced GLY toxicity due to NAC will prove NAC to be an excellent approach for dealing with male reproductive toxicity at the cellular level, benefiting the mammalian reproductive status.

Deterioration of Cytochrome C Content and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Brain of Male Rats after Sub-Chronic Exposure to Thiamethoxam and Protective Role of N- Acetylcysteine

“…As a result, it is regarded as a significant antioxidant since it enhances GSH biosynthesis, sustains intracellular GSH levels, and scavenges ROS (Sun, 2010). NAC is found to protect rats by lowering the rate of glyphosate-mediated apoptosis and oxidative stress in testis (Bhardwaj et al, 2021), liver, kidney, and brain tissues (Turkmen et al, 2019). Many pesticides' toxicity is mitigated by NAC such as organophosphate compounds (Osman et al, 2021), alpha-cypermethrin (Arafa et al, 2015), carbamates (Dhouib et al, 2015), and imidacloprid (Hussein et al, 2018).…”

Role of nutraceutical against exposure to pesticide residues: power of bioactive compounds

“…Inflammatory cells produce ROS as part of the immune response, contributing to oxidative stress. Pesticide-induced inflammation can further promote oxidative damage and disrupt cellular homeostasis ( 42 ).…”