Efficacy of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in India

Abstract

Two vaccines together are better than one alone Polio is proving difficult to eradicate. Making the choice between administering a live attenuated vaccine orally (Sabin) or an inactivated vaccine (Salk) by injection has been highly controversial. Patients prefer the Sabin vaccine, but it requires many doses to offer immunity. Jafari et al. tested the two vaccines together in northern India. The injected vaccine significantly reduced virus shedding and boosted intestinal mucosal immunity in children already given the oral vaccine. Thus, using both vaccines could help speed the eventual global demise of polio. Science , this issue p. 922

Development and introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccines derived from Sabin strains in Japan

“…Epidemiological and experimental evidences are being accumulated for the induction of mucosal immunity against polioviruses induced by various poliovirus vaccines (OPV and cIPV), alone or in combination [92][93][94]. However, the effects of sIPV-containing vaccines on mucosal immunity are still uncertain.…”

Alternative administration routes and delivery technologies for polio vaccines

“…IPV has been shown to boost mucosal immunity among recipients who have earlier received OPV [75,76]. Further clinical studies on heterogeneous prime-boost vaccination schedules, but also of other administration strategies, mucosal immunity will be more and better addressed by modern techniques [77].…”

Vaccines against enteric infections for the developing world

“…Attempts to reduce some of these costs have been successful, indicating that the IPV could be given with comparable safety and immunogenicity intradermally using a fivefold lower dose than the regular subcutaneous dose [62]. Importantly, two recent studies demonstrate that a single IPV dose given in Indian children after three or more OPV doses enhanced not only seroprotection compared with a single OPV booster but also intestinal immunity as indicated by reduced and shortened faecal excretion of vaccine-derived poliovirus following challenge with bivalent OPV [63,64]. Such protection correlated with enhanced circulating mucosal antibody-secreting cell responses to type 3 poliovirus and these responses were markedly superior to the responses seen after an OPV boost (Dey et al, unpublished data).…”