Efficacy of inactivated whole-virus and subunit vaccines in preventing infection and disease caused by equine infectious anemia virus

Issel, Charles J.; Horohov, David W.; Lea, D F; Adams, W. V.; Hagius, Sue D.; McManus, J. M.; Allison, A. C.; Montelaro, Ronald C.

doi:10.1128/jvi.66.6.3398-3408.1992

Cited by 114 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In one study, passive transfer experiments were carried out which demonstrated that antibodies were probably responsible for the observed enhancement of infection [40]. Similarly, vaccination of horses against EIAV with a recombinant S protein-induced enhancement of subsequent infection, although the results of in vitro ADE assays did not correlate with the observed enhancement of infection [41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Antibody-dependent Enhancement Of Lentivirus Entrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the animals vaccinated with inactivated whole virus, levels of viral replication after challenge with a heterologous EIAV strain were merely suppressed. Moreover, 40% of ponies vaccinated with the envelope subunit vaccine exhibited signs of enhanced disease upon heterologous challenge infection [42]. The use of recombinant envelope protein failed to afford protection against infection with a homologous virus and predisposed for enhanced virus replication and disease in animals after heterologous challenge infection [45].…”

Section: Eiav Vaccine Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaccine-induced enhancement of viral infections

Huisman

Martina

Rimmelzwaan

et al. 2009

Vaccine

163

134

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Examples of vaccine-induced enhancement of susceptibility to virus infection or of aberrant viral pathogenesis have been documented for infections by members of different virus families. Several mechanisms, many of which still are poorly understood, are at the basis of this phenomenon. Vaccine development for lentivirus infections in general, and for HIV/AIDS in particular, has been little successful. Certain experimental lentiviral vaccines even proved to be counterproductive: they rendered vaccinated subjects more susceptible to infection rather than protecting them. For vaccine-induced enhanced susceptibility to infection with certain viruses like feline coronavirus, Dengue virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus, it has been shown that antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) plays an important role. Other mechanisms may, either in the absence of or in combination with ADE, be involved. Consequently, vaccine-induced enhancement has been a major stumble block in the development of certain flavi-, corona-, paramyxo-, and lentivirus vaccines. Also recent failures in the development of a vaccine against HIV may at least in part be attributed to induction of enhanced susceptibility to infection. There may well be a delicate balance between the induction of protective immunity on the one hand and the induction of enhanced susceptibility on the other. The present paper reviews the currently known mechanisms of vaccine-induced enhancement of susceptibility to virus infection or of aberrant viral pathogenesis.

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Section: Antibody-dependent Enhancement Of Lentivirus Entrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eiav Vaccine Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine-induced enhancement of viral infections

Huisman

Martina

Rimmelzwaan

et al. 2009

Vaccine

163

134

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“…A second advantage of developing a peptide‐based vaccine is that only relevant immune responses, rather than a broad response, are generated. Broad responses may, in some cases, exacerbate disease, as seen in goats immunized with whole‐inactivated caprine arthritis‐encephalitis virus 39 and horses immunized with EIAV envelope subunit vaccines 40 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of broadly recognized, T helper 1 lymphocyte epitopes in an equine lentivirus

et al. 2002

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SUMMARY Equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) is a horse lentivirus causing lifelong, persistent infection. During acute infection, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are probably involved in terminating plasma viraemia. However, only a few EIAV CTL epitopes, restricted to fewer horse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I alleles, are known. As interferon-c (IFN-c)-secreting CD4 + , T helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytes promote CTL activity and help maintain memory CTL, identifying broadly recognized EIAV Th1 epitopes would contribute signi®cantly to vaccine strategies seeking to promote strong CTL responses among horses with varying class I haplotypes. To this end, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 10 MHC disparate, EIAV-infected horses were tested in T-lymphocyte proliferation assays for recognition of peptides from the Gag p26 capsid region and a portion of Pol. Both regions are highly conserved among EIAV isolates, and this Pol region is 51± 63% homologueous to other lentiviral Pol proteins. Seven of 10 horses recognized peptide Gag 221±245, and peptides Gag 242±261 and Pol 323±344 were recognized by ®ve and four horses, respectively. Furthermore, the Gag peptides were recognized by two additional horses after resolving their initial plasma viraemia, indicating that these two peptides can be immunodominant early in infection. Gag peptide-responsive PBMC produced only IFN-c, indicating a Th1 response, while Pol 323±344-responsive PBMC produced IFN-c both with and without interleukin-4. PBMC from uninfected horses failed to either proliferate or secrete cytokines in response to peptide stimulation. Finally, CD4 + T lymphocytes were required for proliferation responses, as shown by assays using CD4-versus CD8-depleted PBMC.

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“…In the past 30 y, a variety of EIAV experimental vaccines have been developed, including inactivated whole virus vaccines, particulate viral protein vaccines, recombinant envelope subunit vaccines, DNA vaccines encoding the gp90 gene or some conserved cellular targeted epitopes in gag, and attenuated vaccines generated from molecular clones of the proviral genome or from serial passage in host cells. The protective efficacies conferred by these vaccines range from sterile protection and protection from disease or death, to the significant enhancement of EIAV replication and disease (3,7,8,12,14,17,20,24,25). Thus far, successful and effective immune protection has only been observed in animals vaccinated with attenuated vaccines (5,14,24,25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study Comparing the Development of EIAV Env-Specific Antibodies Induced by DNA/Recombinant Vaccinia-Vectored Vaccines and an Attenuated Chinese EIAV Vaccine

Meng

Lin²,

Ma³

et al. 2012

Viral Immunology

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Data from successful attenuated lentiviral vaccine studies indicate that fully mature Env-specific antibodies characterized by high titer, high avidity, and the predominant recognition of conformational epitopes are associated with protective efficacy. Although vaccination with a DNA prime/recombinant vaccinia-vectored vaccine boost strategy has been found to be effective in some trials with non-human primate/simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) models, it remains unclear whether this vaccination strategy could elicit mature equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) Env-specific antibodies, thus protecting vaccinated horses against EIAV infection. Therefore, in this pilot study we vaccinated horses using a strategy based on DNA prime/recombinant Tiantan vaccinia (rTTV)-vectored vaccines encoding EIAV env and gag genes, and observed the development of Env-specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and p26-specific antibodies. Vaccination with DNA induced low titer, low avidity, and the predominant recognition of linear epitopes by Env-specific antibodies, which was enhanced by boosting vaccinations with rTTV vaccines. However, the maturation levels of Env-specific antibodies induced by the DNA/rTTV vaccines were significantly lower than those induced by the attenuated vaccine EIAV FDDV . Additionally, DNA/rTTV vaccines did not elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies. After challenge with a virulent EIAV strain, all of the vaccinees and control horses died from EIAV disease. These data indicate that the regimen of DNA prime/rTTV vaccine boost did not induce mature Env-specific antibodies, which might have contributed to immune protection failure.

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Efficacy of inactivated whole-virus and subunit vaccines in preventing infection and disease caused by equine infectious anemia virus

Abstract: We report here on a series of vaccine trials to evaluate the effectiveness of an inactivated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) whole-virus vaccine and of a subunit vaccine enriched in EIAV envelope glycoproteins.

Cited by 114 publications

References 33 publications

Vaccine-induced enhancement of viral infections

Vaccine-induced enhancement of viral infections

Identification of broadly recognized, T helper 1 lymphocyte epitopes in an equine lentivirus

A Pilot Study Comparing the Development of EIAV Env-Specific Antibodies Induced by DNA/Recombinant Vaccinia-Vectored Vaccines and an Attenuated Chinese EIAV Vaccine

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