Efficacy of Incentive Spirometer Exercise on Pulmonary Functions of Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Stabilized by Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapy

Abstract

Combining ISE with a CE can provide positive results in patients whose AS has been clinically stabilized by TNF inhibitor therapy.

Effectiveness of Soft Tissue Mobilisation as an adjunct to the Conventional Therapy in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

“…Chest expansion is de ined as the difference in chest circumference at maximal inspiration and expiration at the level of the fourth intercostal space [14].…”

“…for the treatment of Ankylosing spondylitis and Non-radiographic Axial Spondylitis by American college of Rheumatology/spondylitis, Association of America/ spondyloarthritis Research and Treatment Network 2015, thereby limited literature options are found other than conventional exercises [11]. Considering the current evidence in management of AS, which includes primarily educational training, lexibility exercises, breathing exercise, hydrotherapy, pilates training, aerobic training, global postural re-education (GPR)etc, there is a more need of literature of intervention that targets to reduce the triggering factor of in lammation in AS [12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

An Exploration of the Impact of Anti‐TNFα Medication on Exercise Behaviour in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

“…In the present study, after starting on the anti-TNFα medication, all participants exercised on a regular basis and benefited from both a physical and a psychological perspective. These findings are similar to those in the studies by So et al (2012) and Yigit et al (2013), which showed an improvement in emotional state, fatigue and quality of life in AS patients on anti-TNFα medication while performing home-based exercises on a regular basis.…”

“…Previous intervention studies (Lubrano et al, 2006;Colina et al, 2009;So et al, 2012;Ciprian et al, 2013;Yigit et al, 2013) for exercise and anti-TNFα medication only included participants who had been on the medication for a short duration, and the longest follow-up period was six months.…”

“…Dubey et al (2008) has demonstrated that anti-TNFα medication is important in increasing the motivational levels to exercise. There have only been a few quantitative studies (Lubrano et al, 2006;Dubey et al, 2008;Colina et al, 2009;So et al, 2012;Ciprian et al, 2013;Yigit et al, 2013) in relation to anti-TNFα medication and exercise but the evidence shows that the combination improves the functional levels and the capacity to exercise in AS patients. Home-based exercises are easily performed and conveniently available to patients without cost (Elyan and Khan, 2008) but the study by Yigit et al (2013) highlighted the lack of compliance with an exercise programme.…”