Efficacy of ‘indigenous vaccine’ using native ‘Indian bison type’ genotype of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis for the control of clinical Johne’s disease in an organized goat herd

Chauhan

Indian Journal of Medical Research

et al. 2016

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) has emerged as a major health problem for domestic livestock and human beings. Reduced per animal productivity of domestic livestock seriously impacts the economics of dairy farming globally. High to very high bioload of MAP in domestic livestock and also in the human population has been reported from north India. Presence of live MAP bacilli in commercial supplies of raw and pasteurized milk and milk products indicates its public health significance. MAP is not inactivated during pasteurization, therefore, entering into human food chain daily. Recovery of MAP from patients with inflammatory bowel disease or Crohn's disease and animal healthcare workers suffering with chronic gastrointestinal problems indicate a close association of MAP with a number of chronic and other diseases affecting human health. Higher bioload of MAP in the animals increases the risk of exposure to the human population with MAP. This review summarizes the current status of MAP infection in animals as well as in human beings and also highlights the prospects of effective management and control of disease in animals to reduce the risk of exposure to human population.

Section: Status Of Map Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in animals & humans in India

Chauhan

Indian Journal of Medical Research

et al. 2016

“…Vaccine strains will likely have to be sufficiently homologous in antigen composition with the majority of field strains. In India, a vaccine based on a regional strain variant was more effective than a commercial JD vaccine (Singh et al., ). In our view, there should be a focused effort to characterize the diversity of MAP strains (Table ).…”

Section: Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge gaps that hamper prevention and control ofMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosisinfection

Barkema

Orsel

Nielsen

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

SummaryIn the last decades, many regional and country-wide control programmes for Johne's disease (JD) were developed due to associated economic losses, or because of a possible association with Crohn's disease. These control programmes were often not successful, partly because management protocols were not followed, including the introduction of infected replacement cattle, because tests to identify infected animals were unreliable, and uptake by farmers was not high enough because of a perceived low return on investment. In the absence of a cure or effective commercial vaccines, control of JD is currently primarily based on herd management strategies to avoid infection of cattle and restrict within-farm and farm-to-farm transmission. Although JD control programmes have been implemented in most developed countries, lessons learned from JD prevention and control programmes are underreported. Also, JD control programmes are typically evaluated in a limited number of herds and the duration of the study is less than 5 year, making it difficult to adequately assess the efficacy of control programmes. In this manuscript, we identify the most important gaps in knowledge hampering JD prevention and control programmes, including vaccination and diagnostics. Secondly, we discuss directions that research should take to address those knowledge gaps. K E Y W O R D Scontrol, Johne's disease, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, prevention

“…In Spain, the development of a live-attenuated vaccine kept ovine pTB in check (Juste & Perez 2011). Goat vaccination against pTB is currently in use in USA, Spain, the Netherlands, Norway, and India (under trial) (Saxegaard & Fodstad 1985;Kalis et al 1992;Aduriz 1993;Kabara & Coussens 2012;Singh et al 2015). Comparison of indigenous vaccine using a native strain (Indian Bison Type) with commercial vaccine (Gudair, Spain) for the control of pTB in goats and sheep exhibited superior protective index as 'Indian Bison Type' is the major biotype infecting cattle, buffaloes, goats and sheep in India (Sevilla et al 2005;Shankar et al 2010;).…”

Section: Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Lu et al 2008). pTb vaccine development has been reported (Hagan 1935;Kalis et al 2001;Windsor et al 2003;Munoz et al 2005;Scandurra et al 2010;Kabra & Coussens 2012;Faisal et al 2013;Singh 2015;Singh et al 2015). Vaccination with pTB vaccine has been shown to improve the productivity and reproductive performance of the animals and has potential to replace the 'test-and-cull policy' for the control and eradication of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and advances in the diagnosis and control of paratuberculosis in domestic livestock

Chaubey

Gupta

et al. 2016

Veterinary Quarterly

Paratuberculosis (pTB) is a chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in a wide variety of domestic and wild animals. Control of pTB is difficult due to the lack of sensitive, efficacious and cost-effective diagnostics and marker vaccines. Microscopy, culture, and PCR have been used for the screening of MAP infection in animals for quite a long time. Besides, giving variable sensitivity and specificity, these tests have not been considered ideal for large-scale screening of domestic livestock. Serological tests like ELISA easily detects anti-MAP antibodies. However, it cannot differentiate between the vaccinated and infected animals. Nanotechnology-based diagnostic tests are underway to improve the sensitivity and specificity. Newer generation diagnostic tests based on recombinant MAP secretory proteins would open new paradigm for the differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals and for early detection of the infection. Due to higher seroreactivity of secretory proteins vis-a-vis cellular proteins, the secretory proteins may be used as marker vaccine, which may aid in the control of pTB infection in animals. Secretory proteins can be potentially used to develop future diagnostics, surveillance and monitoring of the disease progression in animals and the marker vaccine for the control and eradication of pTB.