Efficacy of levamisole and ivermectin in the control of bovine parasitic gastroenteritis in the sub-humid savanna zone of southeastern Nigeria

Idika, Idika Kalu; Okonkwo, Ebubechukwu Arinze; Onah, D. N.; Ezeh, Ikenna O.; Iheagwam, Chijioke N.; Nwosu, C.O.

doi:10.1007/s00436-012-3007-6

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This study evaluated the efficacy of three different IVM preparations in the treatment of GI nematodes in sheep as well as the onset of parasite re-infection after treatment. The efficacy of all three IVM preparations 7 days post treatment was 100% further strengthens claims about the susceptibility of GI nematodes to IVM in this region of Africa by Idika et al (2012). Similarly, Peña-Espinoza et al (2014) reported a 100% efficacy of IVM against H. contortus in small ruminants in Denmark.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Comparative cost analysis of three injectable ivermectin preparations in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria

Adamu¹,

Amuta²,

Ameh³

et al. 2019

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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The efficacy and comparative cost analysis of three injectable ivermectin preparations was evaluated in West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. Three anthelmintics: ivomec classic® (IVC), ivomec super® (IVS) and ivomec gold® (IVG) were administered at a dose rate of 200µg/kg to control gastrointestinal nematodes in three treatment groups comprising five animals each. The faecal egg counts (FEC) for each animal pre-treatment, and thereafter for a period of 16 weeks post-treatment was carried out using the modified McMaster technique. The results is a pre-treatment mean FEC for groups A, B and C of 970±550.36, 880± 279.55 and 1640±893.78 eggs per gram (epg), respectively and a mean FEC of zero for all treatment groups one week post treatment. The mean FEC of zero was maintained for 28, 35 and 56 days, respectively. A mean FEC threshold for re-treatment of 500 epg was exceeded at days 42, 49 and 84 for groups A (615±167.26), B (830±287.49) and C (737.5±448.10), respectively. The results were subjected into a deterministic model to estimate the costs of using IVC, IVS or IVG in an annual control program.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Comparative cost analysis of three injectable ivermectin preparations in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria

Adamu¹,

Amuta²,

Ameh³

et al. 2019

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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“…Parasitic control in fish can be effectively performed by chemotherapeutic drugs. The levamisole hydrochloride (1-2-3,5,6-tetrahydro-6phenylimidazol [2,1-b] thiazole) is an anthelmintic belonging to the imidotiazol group that is effective in controlling parasites in humans (Harhay et al, 2010) and other animals (Cruz et al, 2010;Idika et al, 2012). It immobilizes the parasite by muscle paralysis (Martin et al, 2012) and is an alternative treatment for nematodes (Geets et al, 1992) and protozoa (Findlay et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levamisole reduces parasitic infection in juvenile pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus )

et al. 2017

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Anthelmintic drugs are successfully used in aquaculture to control parasitic infections or infestations. This study analyzed the effectiveness of levamisole as an antiparasitic and its effect on the liver of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A total of 300 fish (180 ± 1.27 g; 16 ± 0.4 cm) were fed a diet containing levamisole hydrochloride (LHC) for fifteen days. A control group (T0) and four treatments were tested: T1 (100), T2 (150), T3 (300) and T4 (500) mg kg −1 LHC in quadruplicate (15 fish per repetition). Four fish per treatment (n = 20) were euthanized by sectioning the spinal cord; the sample was forwarded for parasitological analysis. The gill arches and intestines were removed and preserved in formaldehyde 10% for identification and quantification of the parasites. For evaluation of the liver histology, four fish per treatment (n = 20) were euthanized with benzocaine (100 mg L −1 ) for liver removal. In intestines and gills, we identified the parasites Rondonia rondoni (Nematoda, Atractinae) and Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae), respectively. Both were at high prevalence and intensity of infection and infestation, respectively. The 300 mg kg −1 LHC treatment reduced the infection by R. rondoni but not the infestation by A. penilabiatus. Concentrations of 150 and 300 mg kg −1 LHC caused moderate liver changes, and no changes were observed in fish treated with 100 mg kg −1 LHC. The highest concentration of LHC (500 mg kg −1 ) induced a high occurrence of sinusoid dilation, blood congestion and leukocyte infiltration in fish liver. Our results indicate that LHC (300 mg kg −1 ) was effective in controlling the infection by R. rondoni and caused moderate histological changes in pacu liver.

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“…Levamisol is a substance of the imidotiazol group, and on the market it can be found in the form of levamisole hydrochloride (LHC). It has antiparasitic effect in production animals such as sheep [12], bovine [13], and also in the human species [14], paralyzing the muscles of the parasites in the host gastrointestinal tract [15]. Its antimicrobial effect on fish has been proven through the control of protozoa [16], nematodes [17,18], and bacteria [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levamisole enhances the innate immune response and prevents increased cortisol levels in stressed pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus )

Pahor-Filho

Castillo

Pereira

et al. 2017

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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We analyzed the effects of levamisole on stress and the innate immune responses of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A total of 300 fish (180 ± 1.27 g) were fed a diet containing levamisole hydrochloride (LHC) for 15 days, then distributed into the following groups: T0 (control group); T1 (100), T2 (150), T3 (300) and T4 (500) mg kg LHC (15 fish per group and four replicates per treatment). After this, fish (n = 8 per treatment) were exposed to air for three minutes to simulate stress conditions and were then challenged with the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila to stimulate the immune system. Fish were sampled at 1, 3 and 24 h after bacterial inoculation to measure plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations, the leukocyte respiratory burst (LRB), hemolytic activity of the complement system (HAC) and serum lysozyme activity (SLA). LHC attenuated the increase in plasma cortisol at 1 h (500 mg kg) and 3 h (300 mg kg) after air exposure and bacterial inoculation compared to control fish. The highest glucose concentrations were observed at 1 and 3 h after stress, which then returned to initial levels after 24 h, without any effect of LHC. The LHC 100 mg kg dose increased LRB 1 h after inoculation and activated the HAC 3 h later. At 24 h, all LHC concentrations increased the HAC. SLA was reduced after inoculation, throughout the experimental period, without an effect of levamisole. Our results indicate that the oral administration of levamisole for 15 days modulated circulating cortisol levels during the stress response and improved the innate immune response against A. hydrophila infection in pacu.

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Efficacy of levamisole and ivermectin in the control of bovine parasitic gastroenteritis in the sub-humid savanna zone of southeastern Nigeria

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Comparative cost analysis of three injectable ivermectin preparations in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria

Comparative cost analysis of three injectable ivermectin preparations in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria

Levamisole reduces parasitic infection in juvenile pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus )

Levamisole enhances the innate immune response and prevents increased cortisol levels in stressed pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus )

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