Efficacy of low-dose cytarabine and aclarubicin in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CAG regimen) compared to Hyper-CVAD regimen as salvage chemotherapy in relapsed/refractory Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia

CAG regimen for refractory or relapsed adult T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A retrospective, multicenter, cohort study

“…Good safety is another advantage of the CAG regimen for R/R‐T‐ALL according to its low hematological or nonhematological adverse events, which is in accordance with previous reports not only in T‐ALL but also in AML 19‐22 . FLAG and hyper‐CVAD have early death rates of 5%‐20% and 3%‐15%, respectively, and infection rates of 20% to 60% 17,28‐31 .…”

“…The most interesting finding of this study, which included a relatively large sample size of patients from multiple centers in China, was the very high ORR rate (85.4%) associated with the use of the CAG regimen for R/R‐T‐ALL patients, confirming the previous results found in studies with smaller sample sizes from single centers 20‐22 . The CAG regimen is commonly and exclusively used for R/R‐AML or elderly AML patients in Asia because aclarubicin has not been launched in America and Europe.…”

“…The CAG regimen [cytarabine (C), aclarubicin (A), and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G)], which is conventionally used in China in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 19 showed unexpectedly promising preliminary results for the treatment of R/R‐T‐ALL in the pilot study performed by the Xue group 20‐22 . In fact, 10 of 11 patients with R/R‐T‐ALL achieved CR 21 .…”

An Observational Study of Chinese Adults with Relapsed/Refractory Philadelphia-Negative Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

“…A limited number of observational studies have evaluated outcomes in adults with R/R Ph- ALL in China. For patients who received aclarubicin, cytarabine and GC-SF; high-dose colony-stimulating factor; and hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone (hyper-CVAD) regimens, CR rates ranged from 45 to 52% [ 20 ]. In a retrospective study in Chinese patients who had relapsed after haploidentical HSCT following chemotherapy plus modified donor lymphocyte infusion, a significantly higher CR rate (64 vs 12.5%) and longer median OS (5.57 vs 2.50 months) were reported compared with chemotherapy alone [ 21 ].…”

Novel Treatments for Pediatric Relapsed or Refractory Acute B-Cell Lineage Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Precision Medicine Era

“…However, some studies have confirmed that low-dose cytarabine and Accra-Adriamycin combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor cannot improve the survival prognosis of patients with R/R ALL compared to the Hyper-CVAD regimen ( 44 ). A retrospective study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a salvage regimen consisting of G-CSF, low-dose cytarabine, aclarubicin, L-asparaginase and prednisone among R/R ALL patients.…”