Efficacy of Monotherapy with Benazepril, an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, in Dogs with Naturally Acquired Chronic Mitral Insufficiency.

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Benazepril (BP), an angiotensin convertive enzyme inhibitor, was administered orally once daily for 4 weeks to 31 dogs with mild to moderate (NYHA functional classes II and III) congestive heart failure caused from mitral insufficiency (MI). There were no significant changes in clinical signs, electrocardiogram findings, radiographical observations and plasma biochemical results in 11 dogs treated with placebo for 4 weeks. In 31 dogs treated with BP, appetite increased, and mean scores of heart failure signs, such as activity, exercise tolerance, cough and respiratory effort, were significantly improved. No dog displays signs suggesting systemic hypotension. One dog died suddenly on the 26th day of treatment with BP. This dog had good vigor and appetite till the evening before the death, and cough and exercise tolerance had been gradually improving. The heart rate and ECG parameters of BP treated dogs did not change significantly, but length of long axis of the heart decreased. In plasma biochemical tests, plasma urea nitrogen (UN) levels did not change significantly, and plasma creatinine (CRE) levels increased slightly within the normal ranges during BP trial. Two dogs had higher plasma UN levels with slightly higher plasma CRE levels, but had normal general condition and other biochemical results. Plasma ACE activity decreased to 57.3% of pre-treatment level at 4 weeks after BP treatment. It is concluded that BP monotherapy was efficacious at least in dogs with relatively low grade congestive heart failure caused by MI. -KEY WORDS: ACE inhibitor, benazepril, canine, congestive heart failure, mitral insufficiency.

Clinical evaluation of enalapril maleate and furosemide usage in dogs with degenerative myxomatous mitral valve, CHF functional class Ib

“…However, in G2 a significant reduction during the time of evaluation was observed, indicating the effective action of enalapril maleate in the SRAA, leading to benefic reduction of post and cardiac preload (Katz 1994, Kitagawa et al 1997, Lanzotti 2006. Though, in animals treated with furosemide the reduction was not significant in ACE values, even with the results showing a reduction in preload through the development of hemoconcentration.…”

Tratamento de insuficiência cardíaca com benazepril em cães com cardiomiopatia dilatada e endocardiose

“…O uso de enalapril aumenta a expectativa de vida de cães com ICC, especialmente decorrente de cardiomiopatia dilatada (Controlled..., 1995). O benazepril, em combinação ou não com terapia cardíaca convencional, produz melhoras clínicas (Pouchelon et al, 1996;Kitagawa et al, 1997) e aumenta a expectativa de vida (Pouchelon, 1999) de cães com insuficiência cardíaca. Nos pacientes do presente estudo, a melhora clínica foi caracterizada por diminuição da dispnéia, da freqüência da tosse, do número de síncopes e normalização da coloração das mucosas.…”

“…A concentração sérica de creatinina aumentou em um grupo de cães que recebeu benazepril, mas esse aumento ficou dentro dos valores de normalidade (Kitagawa et al, 1997). Em um estudo prospectivo duplo-cego de longa duração em cães com ICC tratados com benazepril, observou-se menor possibilidade de apresentar elevações da creatinina que o grupo que recebeu placebo (Pouchelon, 1999).…”

“…Embora os inibidores da ECA tenham efeito vasodilatador, não foi observado nenhum caso de hipotensão arterial no presente estudo. A diminuição da pressão arterial decorrente do uso do enalapril em cães com ICC é baixa, o que explica por que a ocorrência de hipotensão é incomum em cães com ICC que recebem enalapril ou benazepril (Acute..., 1995; Kitagawa et al, 1997).…”

An Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Benazepril Can Be Transformed to an Active Metabolite, Benazeprilat, by the Liver of Dogs with Ascitic Pulmonary Heartworm Disease

“…Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been widely used for the treatment of congestive heart failure in dogs [3,6,11]. In dogs with heartworm disease, circulatory disturbance is induced by pulmonary hypertension [10], and the renin-angiotensin system is activated [2], thus leading to a possible exacerbation of the circulatory disturbance through vascular constriction.…”