Efficacy of Nucleic Acid Probes for Detection of Poliovirus in Water Disinfected by Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide, Ozone, and UV Radiation

Moore, N.; Margolin, Aaron B.

doi:10.1128/aem.60.11.4189-4191.1994

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As mentioned above, HOCl can inactivate microbes ingested by leukocytes. At very low concentrations ClO 2 can also inactivate microbes in many in vitro experiments ( − ). However, it is unclear whether in biological systems of higher organisms, such as human, ClO 2 will ever be produced in sufficient amounts to cause inactivation of invading microbes just like HOCl produced intracellularly in leukocytes does ( − ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Denaturation of Protein by Chlorine Dioxide: Oxidative Modification of Tryptophan and Tyrosine Residues

Ogata

2007

Biochemistry

122

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Oxychlorine compounds, such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2), have potent antimicrobial activity. Although the biochemical mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of HOCl has been extensively investigated, little is known about that of ClO2. Using bovine serum albumin and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as model proteins, here I demonstrate that the antimicrobial activity of ClO2 is attributable primarily to its protein-denaturing activity. By solubility analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and measurement of enzymatic activity, I demonstrate that protein is rapidly denatured by ClO2 with a concomitant decrease in the concentration of ClO2 in the reaction mixture. Circular dichroism spectra of the ClO2-treated proteins show a change in ellipticity at 220 nm, indicating a decrease in alpha-helical content. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that transition temperature and endothermic transition enthalpy of heat-induced unfolding decrease in the ClO2-treated protein. The enzymatic activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreases to 10% within 15 s of treatment with 10 microM ClO2. Elemental analyses show that oxygen, but not chlorine, atoms are incorporated in the ClO2-treated protein, providing direct evidence that protein is oxidized by ClO2. Furthermore, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy show that tryptophan residues become N-formylkynurenine and tyrosine residues become 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) or 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine (TOPA) in the ClO2-treated proteins. Taking these results together, I conclude that microbes are inactivated by ClO2 owing to denaturation of constituent proteins critical to their integrity and/or function, and that this denaturation is caused primarily by covalent oxidative modification of their tryptophan and tyrosine residues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlorite is dismutated to chloride and oxygen by chlorite dismutase (29). ClO 2 is known to have potent antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, and protozoae (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Despite a wealth of experimental data on the antimicrobial activity of ClO 2 , however, little is known about its biochemical mechanism.…”

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confidence: 99%

Denaturation of Protein by Chlorine Dioxide: Oxidative Modification of Tryptophan and Tyrosine Residues

Ogata

2007

Biochemistry

122

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“…Chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) has been used as a disinfectant for both water and wastewater, in part because disinfection byproduct generation is minimal (Rittman, 1999). Recent research efforts have revealed that its efficacy against virus increases as the pH increases (Moore and Margolin, 1994). Narkis et al (1995) carried out research to analyze the effects of suspended solids on the performance of this disinfectant.…”

Section: Disinfection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optimum UV wavelength range varies from 250 to 265 nm, with the ideal UV wavelength being around 260 nm. Liberti and Notarnicola (1999) performed a pilot study on pretreated wastewater including secondary, clarified, and clarified‐filtered wastewater. Results indicated a log inactivation value greater than 5 was achieved using a UV dose of 160 mW‐s/cm 2 for clarified effluent and a UV dose of 100 mW‐s/cm 2 in the case of clarified‐filtered effluent.…”

Section: Disinfection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Disinfection Techniques in the Treatment of Advanced Primary Treated Wastewater for Ciudad Juárez, México

Carrasco

Turner²

2006

Water Environment Research

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The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of alternative disinfection techniques at the bench‐scale level using wastewater from Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, as model feed. This paper presents findings on the effectiveness of UV radiation, peracetic acid (PAA), chlorine dioxide (ClO2), and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as disinfectants for advanced primary treatment (APT) plant effluent.    Wastewater samples for bench‐scale testing were collected from an agua negra (“black water”) ditch that is part of the combined sewer system in Ciudad Juarez. Bench‐scale simulations of the APT process used in Ciudad Juarez were run using a jar test apparatus and aluminum sulfate [Al2(SO4)3] as the coagulant. Jar test effluent from the bench system was used for disinfection testing. The Mexican discharge quality standard for total coliforms is 10 000/100 mL. Ultraviolet radiation met this standard at a dose of 47.5 mW‐s/cm2. Ultraviolet disinfection proved reliable and effective despite the presence of suspended solids, and UV dose effectiveness expressed as a total coliforms survival ratio was best explained by a linear regression model. The ClO2 dose ranged from 10 to 20 mg/L and was only effective under ambient temperature conditions found during the winter months; PAA disinfection never met Mexican standards. Chlorine disinfection was effective at a dose range of 8 to 10 mg/L on samples collected at low temperature conditions. Since the completion of this research, Ciudad Juarez has discontinued the use of chlorine disinfection because of its high cost and ineffectiveness.

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“…Se ha demostrado el efecto de agua ozonizada sobre los virus que contienen lípidos en su estructura, los cuales han mostrado ser sensibles a este tratamiento, así como también sus cápsides 243 . El efecto observado fue la disrupción o pérdida estructural que resulta en pérdida de la infectividad.…”

Section: ¿Es Recomendable La Utilización De Aditamentos Y Mecanismos ...unclassified

SECCION X. Prevención y control de la infección por SARS – COV-2/COVID-19

Trujillo

2021

Infect

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Efficacy of Nucleic Acid Probes for Detection of Poliovirus in Water Disinfected by Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide, Ozone, and UV Radiation

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Denaturation of Protein by Chlorine Dioxide: Oxidative Modification of Tryptophan and Tyrosine Residues

Denaturation of Protein by Chlorine Dioxide: Oxidative Modification of Tryptophan and Tyrosine Residues

Evaluation of Disinfection Techniques in the Treatment of Advanced Primary Treated Wastewater for Ciudad Juárez, México

SECCION X. Prevención y control de la infección por SARS – COV-2/COVID-19

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