Efficacy of oral transmucosal and intravenous administration of buprenorphine before surgery for postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy

Ko, Jonathan; Freeman, Lynetta J.; Barletta, Michele; Weil, Ann B.; Payton, Mark E.; Johnson, Brenda M.; Inoue, Tomohito

doi:10.2460/javma.238.3.318

Cited by 55 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Levetiracetam was well tolerated in this study with no obvious signs of gastrointestinal discomfort or other physiologic changes, and only a brief period of very mild, transient sedation at or near the time of the peak serum levetiracetam concentration was observed. Sedation scoring was modified from a previously reported system based on the DIVAS assessment scale 34. Although the dogs in this study were very consistent in the timing and degree of sedative changes observed, use of a nonvalidated sedation scoring system is considered a limitation in objective assessment of the adverse effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levetiracetam Rectal Administration in Healthy Dogs

Peters

Schubert

Clemmons

et al. 2014

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundLevetiracetam is used to manage status epilepticus (SE) and cluster seizures (CS) in humans. The drug might be absorbed after rectal administration and could offer a practical adjunct to rectal administration of diazepam in managing SE and CS.HypothesisLevetiracetam is rapidly absorbed after rectal administration in dogs and maintains target serum concentrations for at least 9 hours.AnimalsSix healthy privately owned dogs between 2 and 6 years of age and weighing 10–20 kg.MethodsLevetiracetam (40 mg/kg) was administered rectally and blood samples were obtained immediately before (time zero) and at 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 180, 360, and 540 minutes after drug administration. Dogs were observed for signs of adverse effects over a 24‐hour period after drug administration.Results C LEV at 10 minutes was 15.3 ± 5.5 μg/mL (mean, SD) with concentrations in the target range (5–40 μg/mL) for all dogs throughout the sampling period. C max (36.0 ± 10.7 μg/mL) and T max (103 ± 31 minutes) values were calculated and 2 disparate groups were appreciated. Dogs with feces in the rectum at the time of drug administration had lower mean C max values (26.7 ± 3.4 μg/mL) compared with those without (45.2 ± 4.4 μg/mL). Mild sedation was observed between 60 and 90 minutes without other adverse effects noted.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis study supports the use of rectally administered levetiracetam in future studies of clinical effectiveness in the management of epileptic dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levetiracetam Rectal Administration in Healthy Dogs

Peters

Schubert

Clemmons

et al. 2014

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Subsequently, the same research group compared perioperative analgesia provided by buprenorphine OTM or intravenously (IV) after ovariohysterectomy in a small number of dogs, and reported buprenorphine 120 µg/kg OTM to provide a long duration of analgesia of up to 24 hours (Ko and others 2011). It was found that 20 µg/kg OTM or IV provided approximately six hours of analgesia, although the quality of analgesia provided by the 20 µg/kg OTM was poorer than 20 µg/kg IV.…”

Section: Options For Medium-term Opioid Analgesia In Discharged Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending postoperative opioid analgesia in dogs 1. Oral drug administration

Murrell¹,

Flaherty²

2014

In Practice

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Although opioid drugs are extensively used for postoperative analgesia in dogs, their administration is generally restricted to the period in which the animal is hospitalised. Unfortunately, this limits the ability to provide multimodal pain relief in the home environment, which may lead to inadequate analgesia and consequent ‘break-through’ pain. This article, the first in a series of two, discusses the uses and limitations of oral opioid administration for extending postoperative analgesia beyond the hospitalisation period. The second article, to be published in a subsequent issue of In Practice, will focus on the role of transdermal opioid delivery for this purpose.

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“…All dogs were assessed for signs of pain on the basis of modified criteria adopted from 2 pain scoring systems: the DIVAS for soft tissue surgery 21,22 and the MPS developed for stifle joint arthrotomy. 16 Signs of pain were assessed in the following sequence: dogs were observed undisturbed, and signs of pain were assessed from outside of the cage or run; dogs were approached and spoken to, and behavior suggestive of pain was assessed; heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure (measured with a Doppler ultrasound monitor) were assessed; and finally the stifle joint that had undergone surgery was palpated with a palpometer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Signs of pain were assessed in the following sequence: dogs were observed undisturbed, and signs of pain were assessed from outside of the cage or run; dogs were approached and spoken to, and behavior suggestive of pain was assessed; heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure (measured with a Doppler ultrasound monitor) were assessed; and finally the stifle joint that had undergone surgery was palpated with a palpometer. [22][23][24] The general impression of pain consisted of a mean behavioral pain score (undisturbed behaviors and interactive behaviors, including the palpometer use) and a mean objective pain score (increase in heart rate, respiratory rate and systolic arterial blood pressure; Appendix 1). All dogs were continuously monitored visually for the first 4 hours following extubation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%