Efficacy of Oxyfly™ on Culicoides species—the vectors of Bluetongue virus—and other insects

Abstract

The efficacy of the insecticide Oxyfly (active compound lambda-cyhalothrin) was tested against specimens of Culicoides species-the vectors of Bluetongue virus-and other insects. Living specimens of the insects were brought into contact for at least 10-15 s with treated wooden plates and the extinction period of the insects was followed over the next minutes or hours. It turned out that this rather short contact was sufficient to kill the Culicoides specimens in minutes and the other insects in a few hours even if the plates had been impregnated 9 weeks before.

An appraisal of current and new techniques intended to protect bulls against Culicoides and other haematophagous nematocera: the case of Schmergow, Brandenburg, Germany

“…This was pointing to an Treatments of all bulls with deltamethrin pour on, cleaning/treatment of walls and fogging of both pens with cypermethrin and dichlorphos insufficient amount of active ingredient on the surface of those body parts where it would be most required and this would also explain the feeding successes of the mosquito populations on the farm. Our observations on the efficacy of pyrethroid treatments for the control of biting midges do not support the findings of recent work published by Mehlhorn et al (2008), Schmahl et al (2008) and Liebisch et al (2008). We are, however, aware of the differences in size of the cattle used in their studies and the bulls, which were treated in Schmergow.…”

“…Replication of viral loads in the midges is considered a prerequisite for subsequent transmission. The rapid spread of the disease-more than 20,000 new cases during 2007 in Germany alone-and the absence of an effective vaccine protecting valuable livestock at that time resulted in recommendations to curb the further spread of BTV-8, either by reducing the host-vector contact through permanent stabling of susceptible livestock or by largescale treatments of cattle and sheep with pyrethroids, which were expected to prevent midges from biting and, hence, transmitting BTV, either by killing alighting insects or through their repulsive actions Schmahl et al 2008;Liebisch et al 2008). Taking into account the reservations of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2008) about the efficacy of topical pyrethroid treatments against Culicoides spp., a new technology was adopted on-farm in northern Germany, employing insecticide-treated mosquito nets to protect stabled bulls against invading Culicoides spp.…”

Effects of permethrin (Flypor®) and fenvalerate (Acadrex®60, Arkofly®) on Culicoides species—the vector of Bluetongue virus

“…However, when comparing the results of the present study with the previous ones, it can be stated that permethrin and fenvalerate produce merely identical effects as those obtained with cyfluthrin or deltamethrin when these products were applied topically as pour-on products or as a spray (Mehlhorn et al 2008a, b;Schmahl et al 2008a).…”

Entomological survey on vectors of Bluetongue virus in Northrhine-Westfalia (Germany) during 2007 and 2008

“…7. Since the midges apparently overwinter inside stables, the animals should be protected there and subsequently at the meadow by application of insecticides, since there exists a broad spectrum of products that do not harm milk or meat (Mehlhorn et al 2008a(Mehlhorn et al , b, c, 2009Schmahl et al 2008Schmahl et al , 2009a. 8.…”