Efficacy of ozone for Callosobruchus maculatus and Callosobruchus chinensis control in cowpea seeds and its impact on seed quality

Sidhu

Journal of Texture Studies

et al. 2022

The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of ozonation, roasting and their combination on the moisture content, color, functional, structural, textural components, and aflatoxins in groundnut kernels. Samples were subjected to three treatments namely, dry roasting (R): 166 C for 7 min; gaseous ozone treatment (O): 6 mg/L for 30 min; combined ozonation-roasting (OR): gaseous ozonation at 6 mg/L for 30 min followed by dry roasting at 166 C for 7 min. The ozonated-roasted samples had the lowest moisture content (3.45%), the highest total phenolic content (4.18 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g), and antioxidants capacity (69.59%). The treatments did not induce significant changes in color of kernels (p < .05). Scanning electron microscopy indicated cracking of granules in roasted and swelling in ozonated kernels whereas more uniform orientation of granules was observed in ozonated-roasted kernels. Roasted and ozonated kernels indicated a significant reduction of fracturability force to 54.60 and 14.11%, respectively, whereas ozonated-roasted samples demonstrated a nonsignificant increase (4.37%). An increase in wave number of ozonated samples to 3,289.37 cm À1 in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum (FTIR) indicated stretching in OH groups. FTIR spectrum of ozonated-roasted kernels suggested the formation of a new compound with C C and C C groups. The major aflatoxin B1 was reduced to maximum, that is, 100% in ozonated-roasted kernels followed by ozonated (80.95%) and roasted (57.14%) samples. The findings indicate that the ozonation-roasting treatment had a prominent role in the enhancement of functional compounds, structural and textural attributes along with the considerable reduction in aflatoxin content.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Influence of ozonation and roasting on functional, microstructural, textural characteristics, and aflatoxin content of groundnut kernels

Sidhu

Journal of Texture Studies

et al. 2022

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Pandiselvam and Thirupathi, 81 assessed the ozone gas reaction kinetics in Vigna radiate and concluded that the ozonation process can be an alternative to chemical compounds for insect control in storage units. In research by Gad et al 82 the ozone gas treatment at 2.0 g m −3 for 45 days controlled C. maculatus. Silva et al 22 evaluated the ozone injection at low pressure into packaged popcorn kernels to manage S. zeamais, proving the effectiveness of the method at the input concentration of 13 g m −3 .…”

Section: Percentage Of Surviving Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐pressure ozone injection system: relationship between reaction kinetics and physical properties of grains

et al. 2022

BACKGROUND The ozonation of grains in a closed system at low pressure is a strategy with the potential for treating packaged products. Research is necessary to characterize the reaction kinetics of ozone in this type of injection system so that it is possible to design chambers and determine the ozone concentrations suitable for commercial‐scale applications. The objective of this study was therefore to characterize the low‐pressure ozone injection system in relation to the physical properties of the grains and determine possible changes in their quality. Samples (5 kg each) of common beans, cowpea beans, corn, popcorn kernels, paddy rice, and polished rice were exposed to ozone in a 70 L hypobaric chamber. Initially, the internal pressure of the chamber was reduced to 500 hPa. Then, ozone was injected at a concentration of 32.10 g m−3 at a volumetric flow rate of 1 L min−1 until reaching a pressure of 1000 hPa. To relate the decomposition of ozone to the grains that were being evaluated, different physical properties were determined, and quality analysis was conducted. RESULTS Ozone gas half‐life outside and inside the package depended on the grain type. Ozone decomposition was quickest in polished rice and slowest in common beans. The half‐life of the different grains ranged from 17.8 to 52.9 and 16.4 to 52.9 min, outside and inside the package, respectively. Considering the physical properties, specific surface (Ss), surface area (SA), and sphericity (φ) exhibited a significant correlation with the decomposition rate constant (k) of ozone. However, the variables volume (V), permeability (K), porosity (ε), and specific mass (ρ) showed no correlation with k. CONCLUSION The physical properties of grain influenced the reaction kinetics of ozone gas during the low‐pressure injection process. Ozone gas injection at low pressures did not alter the quality attributes of the grains under study. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

J Food Process Engineering

“…Legumes are a rich source of proteins (20%-40%), and they can also act as an energy resource for the human body by providing a considerable amount of fat and carbohydrates (Banga et al, 2019;Gad et al, 2021). Among these legumes, soybean (G. max [L.] Merr) plays a vital role in the world economy as it is used for both human and animal diets (Miransari, 2016;Tetila et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold plasma disinfestation of Callosobruchus maculatus infested soybeans: Its subsequent impact on soymilk extraction yield and quality

Rajan

Boopathy

Stephen

et al. 2022

Soybeans play a vital role in the world economy as an essential food commodity by fulfilling human dietary needs. Hence, the seeds are commonly transported and stored in bulk quantities in various parts of the world which ultimately results in infestation issues. Callosobruchus maculatus is one of the major storage pests that infest the soybean seeds and cause losses in both the quantity and quality of the seeds. Cold plasma (CP) is an emerging non-thermal disinfestation technique that can disinfest food grain. Hence, we have used low pressure (<2 mbar) CP at different voltages (1.0-2.0 kV) and exposure times (2-24 min) to disinfest the C. maculatus from soybeans. The maximum mortality of 100.00 ± 0.00%, 98.89 ± 1.92%, and 37.33 ± 8.08% was achieved in adult, pupae, and egg stage insects, respectively, after 24 min of prolonged CP exposure at 2.0 kV voltage. However, CP treatment (1.5 kV-18 min) induced only 11.11 ± 3.85% mortality in larval stage insects as they were well protected under soybean seed coat. During the experiment, we also identified the impact of insect sex and egg age on the CP treatment effectiveness. Further, we have also analyzed the egg-producing capacity of CP-treated adult insects before their death.Apart from disinfestation, the CP treatment also assisted the soymilk extraction and increased the extraction yield from 92.44 ± 1.02% (control) to 97.22 ± 0.19% after CP treatment (2.0 kV-12 min). Nevertheless, the FTIR and SDS PAGE results had not shown any changes in the quality of soymilk extracted after CP treatment. Practical applicationsSince the lab scale study was found to be effective against most of the C. maculatus life stages, it is possible to adapt the CP for large-scale disinfestation applications with essential modifications (i.e., pressure, conveyors) in the system's designs. Apart from that, CP also modifies the surface nature of the grains, hence the treatment also assists in increasing the extraction yield (milk, oil, and protein) and germination percentage of food grains.