Efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy on masseter thickness and oral health-related quality of life in children with spastic cerebral palsy

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on bilateral masseter muscle thickness and amplitude of mouth opening in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP), and the impact on their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL). Three groups were included: experimental CP group (EG: n = 26 with oral complaints), positive control CP group (PCG: n = 26 without complaints), and negative control group (NCG: n = 26 without CP). In the EG, the masseter muscles on both sides were irradiated with an infrared low-level Ga-Al-As laser (λ = 808 ± 3 nm, 120 mW) using a 3 J/cm energy dose per site, with a 20 s exposure time per site (spot area: 4 mm; irradiance: 3 W/cm; energy delivery per point: 2.4 J) six times over six consecutive weeks. Masseter thickness, assessed through ultrasonography, and the amplitude of mouth opening were measured in the EG before and after six applications of PBMT and once in the PCG and NCG. The Parental-Caregiver Perception Questionnaire (P-CPQ) was used to evaluate OHRQOL. ANOVA, chi-square, t tests, and multilevel linear regression were used for statistical analysis. In the EG, the study results revealed average increments of 0.77 (0.08) millimeter in masseter thickness (P < 0.05) and 7.39 (0.58) millimeter for mouth opening (P < 0.05) and reduction in all P-CPQ domains (P < 0.001), except for social well-being. The six applications of PBMT increased masseter thickness and mouth opening amplitude and reduced the impact of spastic CP on OHRQOL.

A utilização do P-CPQ na percepção da qualidade de vida em saúde bucal na visão de pais e cuidadores: uma revisão

“…Assim, os pais ou responsáveis se tornam os principais interlocutores no relato de quais são as enfermidades que acometem esses pacientes. Além disso, durante a aplicação do P-CPQ foram observados que os pais e cuidadores relataram que a necessidade especial de seus filhos interferem nos sintomas orais, limitações funcionais e no bem estar de acordo com os valores médios presentes nesse instrumento 18,19,[33][34][35] . o Tratamento com anestesia geral Estudos realizados por Jabarifar e colaborados 2009 objetivou avaliar a QVSB e o tratamento dentário sobre anestesia geral em crianças de três a dez anos.…”

Is oral hygiene performed by caregivers of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy effective?

“…There are numerous difficulties faced by caregivers of children and adolescents with spastic CP in performing oral Research, Society andDevelopment, v. 10, n. 15, e205101522571, 2021 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i15.22571 hygiene. These are related to increased masticatory muscle tone (M. T. B. R. Santos et al, 2017), the presence of biting and vomiting reflexes (Dos Santos & Nogueira, 2005), restriction in mouth opening amplitude (M. T. B. R. Santos et al, 2017), feeding through a nasogastric tube, gastrostomy, (Cardona-Soria et al, 2020) and pasty diet due to the impairment of oral motricity (Rosenbaum et al, 2007). We must add the presence of malocclusions (Yogi, Alves, Guedes, & Ciamponi, 2018) and the continuous use of medications, such as antiepileptics, which lead to a reduction in salivary flow, contributing to the development of oral diseases (Ferreira, Mayer, Kawamoto, & Santos, 2019).…”

Analysis of the effects of low-level laser therapy on muscle fatigue of the biceps brachii muscle of healthy individuals and spastic individuals

“…The other 2 articles found in the literature were performed by Santos et al (2016) [21] and Santos et al (2017), [22] in which they applied LLLT in the masseter muscle of children with spasticity due to cerebral palsy. In the first article, [21] the amplitude of the mouth opening and the analysis of the tonus of the masseter muscle were evaluated over 3 weeks of treatment, and an increase in the amplitude of the buccal opening and decrease of muscle tone were found.…”

“…In the first article, [21] the amplitude of the mouth opening and the analysis of the tonus of the masseter muscle were evaluated over 3 weeks of treatment, and an increase in the amplitude of the buccal opening and decrease of muscle tone were found. The second clinical study [22] aimed at evaluating the thickness of the masseter muscle by means of ultrasonography, mouth opening amplitude, and the impact on oral health-related quality of life after 6 applications of LLLT showed an increase in the thickness of the masseter and increase in oral amplitude, and in relation to the questionnaire of quality of life, there was an improvement in all domains, except for well-being.…”