Efficacy of phytogenic extracts on growth performance and health of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus)

Effects of a blend of herbal feed supplements on growth, associated blood indices and body chemical analysis in Nile tilapia reared under high stocking density

“…On the other hand, under high stocking rates, the fish group fed diets supplemented with high levels of phytogenic compounds (200 to 300 mg/kg) significantly improved growth and feed efficiency compared to the fish group fed a basal diet with no supplementation. Numerous prior investigations indicated similar improvements in growth when phytogenic chemicals were applied, like pacific white leg shrimp (Kesselring et al, 2021), channel catfish (Peterson et al, 2014), tilapia (Poolsawat et al, 2022) and O. mykiss (Menanteau‐Ledouble et al, 2015). These findings might be attributed to the stimulation of digestive secretions, modulation of intestinal microbiota, and improved nutrient digestibility, particularly for proteins and amino acids under the biological activity of main bioactive compounds in Digestarom® (mainly essential oils) (Sutili et al, 2018).…”

“…The antioxidative features of phytogenic feed additives may give such advantages when incorporated into feed against stress (Giannenas et al, 2012). Also, the main bioactive molecules represented in phytogenic compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, phenolic acids, alkaloids, tannins, chlorogenic acids and organic acids might stimulate the immune defensive system by preventing the development of harmful bacteria and subsequently promoting host health status (Poolsawat et al, 2022).…”

The Optimal Dosage of Fermented Herbal Extract on Growth and Feed Efficiency of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…Intestinal villi play key roles in digestion, absorption, secretion and immunity functions. Also, the length and width of the intestinal villi are positively correlated with their nutrient absorption ability (Poolsawat et al 2020). Thus, enhancement of villi length and density of O. niloticus after subjected to FHE-coated feed indicates that FHE promote better nutrient absorption ability by increasing larger nutrient absorptive surface in fish.…”

A blend of Guava, Bitter, and Neem Leaf extracts improves haematology and resistance to co-infection of Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas jandaie but not Liver health in Nile tilapia

“…Reasons, why the other GBNL treatments did not significantly improve growth, might be attributed to insufficient upregulation in the expression of growth-related genes such as IGF-1 and GH genes and slightly higher FCRs [ 23 ]. Improvements in growth performance and feed utilization have been reported in Nile tilapia [ 24 , 25 , 26 ], European eel [ 27 ] and Common Carp [ 28 ], fed a mixture of herbal extracts and in Nile tilapia [ 18 ] fed a mixture of herbal extracts with probiotic, bacillus. In addition, it was found that the GBNL application did not present any adverse effects on fish survival compared to those in the control group.…”

“…This could be a consequence of the increased synthesis of haematological variables and expression of immune-related genes in fish exposed to GBNL feed as have been explained earlier [ 46 ]. Also, synergies of bioactive compounds in a blend of herbal extracts can promote the stimulation of the secretion of immunological substances which can inhibit the growth of harmful pathogens and promote health benefits to the host [ 26 ]. In other reports, herbal extracts used singly or in combinations have been reported to decrease mortality in fish against many pathogens [ 24 , 7 , 47 ].…”