Efficacy of Plasma-Polymerized Allylamine Coating of Zirconia after Five Years

Abstract

Plasma-polymerized allylamine (PPAAm) coatings of titanium enhance the cell behavior of osteoblasts. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a PPAAm nanolayer on zirconia after a storage period of 5 years. Zirconia specimens were directly coated with PPAAm (ZA0) or stored in aseptic packages at room temperature for 5 years (ZA5). Uncoated zirconia specimens (Zmt) and the micro-structured endosseous surface of a zirconia implant (Z14) served as controls. The elemental compositions of the PPAAm coatings were characterized and the viability, spreading and gene expression of human osteoblastic cells (MG-63) were assessed. The presence of amino groups in the PPAAm layer was significantly decreased after 5 years due to oxidation processes. Cell viability after 24 h was significantly higher on uncoated specimens (Zmt) than on all other surfaces. Cell spreading after 20 min was significantly higher for Zmt = ZA0 > ZA5 > Z14, while, after 24 h, spreading also varied significantly between Zmt > ZA0 > ZA5 > Z14. The expression of the mRNA differentiation markers collagen I and osteocalcin was upregulated on untreated surfaces Z14 and Zmt when compared to the PPAAm specimens. Due to the high biocompatibility of zirconia itself, a PPAAm coating may not additionally improve cell behavior.

Enhanced osteogenic activity of titania-modified zirconia implant by ultraviolet irradiation

“…After extensive long-term research, zirconia has been confirmed to be suitable for application in dental implants ( Kunrath et al, 2021 ). A number of surface modification methods have been attempted to enhance the bioactivity of zirconia implants ( Rohr et al, 2020 ). In this study, pre-sintered zirconia was subjected to water bath treatment and dense sintering to obtain TiO 2 -coated modified zirconia.…”

Low-temperature plasma polymerized fluorocarbon coating promotes surface charge dissipation in polystyrene

“…Plasma polymerized coating could be durable and resistant towards ageing [24], oxidation, and shrinking [25]. It is noteworthy to mention that, the long-term ultraviolet radiation, oxygen oxidation, and dust accumulation reduces the effect of plasma treatment.…”

Amined polyallylamine particles synthesized by plasma

“…Figure 5 shows the diameter distribution of the PAl particles synthesized at different power, approximately 770 particles were measured in each case. The graphs were made with a normal distribution function, see Equation (1), where f(ϕ) is the normal distribution function, ϕ is particle diameter, μ is harmonic mean, and ρ is standard deviation. 18 The harmonic mean is the maximum value in each distribution.…”

“…In terms of properties, PAl synthesized by plasma has shown biocompatibility with different human body systems. [1][2][3] Particularly, PAl particles are being studied as implants in the central nervous system to reconnect the neuronal communication after a severe lesion. 4 However, PAl is usually obtained as films.…”