Efficacy of Pork Loin as a Source of Zinc and Effect of Added Cysteine on Zinc Bioavailability

Hortin, Audra E.; Bechtel, Peter J.; Baker, David H.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb08626.x

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…The factor involved was not identified. Peptides and AA can form complexes with Zn, and both cysteine and histidine bind Zn strongly and improve efficiency of absorption of Zn in chicks (Nielsen et al, 1966;Johnson and Evans, 1984;Hortin et al, 1991). A study in humans observed a 2-fold increase in absorption of Cu when diet methionine was increased (Kies and Fox, 1989), suggesting that the extra methionine may have increased the opportunity for Cu leaving the stomach to form a soluble methionine complex instead of an insoluble complex.…”

Section: Chelated and Organic Mineral Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: Mineral absorption mechanisms, mineral interactions that affect acid–base and antioxidant status, and diet considerations to improve mineral status

Goff

2018

Journal of Dairy Science

286

195

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Several minerals are required for life to exist. In animals, 7 elements (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, and S) are required to be present in the diet in fairly large amounts (grams to tens of grams each day for the dairy cow) and are termed macrominerals. Several other elements are termed microminerals or trace minerals because they are required in much smaller amounts (milligrams to micrograms each day). In most cases the mineral in the diet must be absorbed across the gastrointestinal mucosa and enter the blood if it is to be of value to the animal. The bulk of this review discusses the paracellular and transcellular mechanisms used by the gastrointestinal tract to absorb each of the various minerals needed. Unfortunately, particularly in ruminants, interactions between minerals and other substances within the diet can occur within the digestive tract that impair mineral absorption. The attributes of organic or chelated minerals that might permit diet minerals to circumvent factors that inhibit absorption of more traditional inorganic forms of these minerals are discussed. Once absorbed, minerals are used in many ways. One focus of this review is the effect macrominerals have on the acid-base status of the animal. Manipulation of dietary cation and anion content is commonly used as a tool in the dry period and during lactation to improve performance. A section on how the strong ion theory can be used to understand these effects is included. Many microminerals play a role in the body as cofactors of enzymes involved in controlling free radicals within the body and are vital to antioxidant capabilities. Those same minerals, when consumed in excess, can become pro-oxidants in the body, generating destructive free radicals. Complex interactions between minerals can compromise the effectiveness of a diet in promoting health and productivity of the cow. The objective of this review is to provide insight into some of these mechanisms.

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Section: Chelated and Organic Mineral Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: Mineral absorption mechanisms, mineral interactions that affect acid–base and antioxidant status, and diet considerations to improve mineral status

Goff

2018

Journal of Dairy Science

286

195

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“…Tryptophan, histidine, or proline additions to a perfusate containing ZnSO 4 increased apparent Zn absorption by perfused rat jejunal and ileal segments (Wapnir and Stiel, 1986). Adding .4% cysteine to a chick diet containing ZnSO 4 significantly improved Zn bioavailability (Hortin et al, 1991). Complexing methionine with Zn, however, decreased Zn absorption in ligated duodenal loops of the rat (Hempe and Cousins, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a zinc amino acid chelate and zinc sulfate in restoring serum and soft tissue zinc concentrations when fed to zinc-depleted pigs.

Swinkels

Kornegay

Wei

et al. 1996

Journal of Animal Science

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In a 36-d experiment, 32 pigs were depleted of Zn (24 d) using a soy-isolate (basal) diet (17 mg/kg of Zn) and then fed the basal diet (12 d) supplemented with 45 mg/kg of Zn from ZnSO4 (purified zinc sulfate dry powder, ZnSO4.nH2O) or from a Zn amino acid chelate (ZnAAC) to study the effectiveness of these dietary Zn sources in restoring serum and soft tissue Zn concentrations. Concurrently, nondepleted pigs were pair-fed both Zn-supplemented diets (eight pigs per diet) throughout the experiment. Serum Zn concentrations and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of pigs fed the diets with no supplemental Zn were lower (P < .05) than those of nondepleted pigs after 7 and 14 d, respectively. After 24 d, concentrations of Zn in liver, pancreas, kidney, brain, and small intestine of Zn-depleted pigs were lower (P < .01) than those of nondepleted pigs. Except for decreased (P < .001) kidney Cu, soft tissue Cu and Fe concentrations were not affected by Zn status or Zn source. From d 24 to 36 (Zn repletion), serum and tissue Zn concentrations and serum ALP activities increased (P < .05), but the response was similar for both Zn sources in Zn-depleted and nondepleted pigs. At d 30 and 36, kidney Cu was increased (P < .01) in Zn-depleted pigs fed 45 mg/kg of Zn as either ZnSO4 or ZnAAC. Furthermore, Fe concentration was higher (P < .05) in intestinal segments of Zn-depleted and nondepleted pigs fed ZnAAC than in pigs fed ZnSO4. Accumulations of Cu in the kidney and Fe in the small intestine were affected by depletion and repletion of Zn and by dietary Zn source, respectively. In conclusion, serum and soft tissue Zn concentrations were clearly affected by Zn status: however, an effect of Zn source was not observed.

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“…Pork products are generally lower in Zn than are beef products (Anonymous, 19901, but the Zn in pork loin has been shown to be more bioavailable than that in ZnS04 (Hortin et al, 1991). In our studies with ground beef, Zn was 100% bioavailable relative to the Zn in ZnS04, whether fed as a supplement to a diet containing phytate or to a diet devoid of phytate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Although the presence of phytate (in plant-based foods) may explain part of this difference, there may be other (meat) factors contributing to the superiority of meatsources of Zn over vegetable sources. Our previous work with pork loin suggested that sulfiydryl compounds (cysteine and glutathione) in meat products may contribute to the efficient use of Zn from these products (Hortin et al, 1991). Sulfhydryl compounds are known t o bind trace elements and increase their absorption efficiency (Layrisse et al, 1984;Wapnir and Stiel, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bioavailability of Zn in beef and pork is very high (Brown et al, 1985;Gallaher et al, 1988;Hortin et al, 1991), whereas that from soy protein isolates and other processed soy products is much lower (O'Dell et al, 1972;Erdman and Forbes, 1981;Wedekind et al, 1992). Phytate binding may be responsible for the low Zn bioavailability in plant-J.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioavailability of zinc in ground beef

Hortin

Oduho

Han

et al. 1993

Journal of Animal Science

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Based on zinc uptake in chick tibia, Zn bioavailability in cooked ground beef was equal to that of Zn in an inorganic standard (ZnSO4), whether Zn supplements were added to a soy-concentrate diet containing phytate or to a phytate-free egg-white diet. With both diet types, total tibia Zn was a linear (P < .01) function of supplemental Zn intake from ZnSO4, but the slope of the linear regression line was twice as great for the egg-white diet as for the soy-concentrate diet that contained phytate. At 10 mg/kg of supplemental Zn, freeze-dried ground beef produced the same tibia Zn concentration (and total Zn content) as that obtained with ZnSO4. The results suggest that the relative bioavailability of Zn in cooked ground beef is as great as that in ZnSO4, whether consumed in diets with or in those without phytate.

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Efficacy of Pork Loin as a Source of Zinc and Effect of Added Cysteine on Zinc Bioavailability

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Invited review: Mineral absorption mechanisms, mineral interactions that affect acid–base and antioxidant status, and diet considerations to improve mineral status

Invited review: Mineral absorption mechanisms, mineral interactions that affect acid–base and antioxidant status, and diet considerations to improve mineral status

Effectiveness of a zinc amino acid chelate and zinc sulfate in restoring serum and soft tissue zinc concentrations when fed to zinc-depleted pigs.

Bioavailability of zinc in ground beef

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