Efficacy of quarantine treatments using reduced methyl bromide concentrations to disinfest Pinus radiata logs from New Zealand

Najar-Rodríguez, Adriana J.; Hall, Matthew; Adlam, A.R.; Afsar, Saeedeh; Esfandi, Kambiz; Wilks, Catherine; Noakes, Emma; Clare, Graeme K.; Barrington, A. M.; Brash, D.W.; Richards, Kate

doi:10.1016/j.jspr.2020.101718

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Even though the CT values for both MB and EDN under the bark of perfectly intact log sections were low, this does not negatively impact the efficacy of these fumigants against key forest insects in New Zealand commercial-scale fumigations. 9,46 Najar-Rodriguez et al 46 reported CT values ranging from 457 to 619 g h m −3 in the treated space for commercial-scale MB fumigations with a dose of 30 g m −3 for 16 h. By contrast, Najar-Rodriguez et al 9 reported a CT value of 599 g h m −3 for the closest EDN dose and duration, 80 g m −3 for 20 h. These examples illustrate the difficulties in linking our understanding of fumigant efficacy, sorption, and penetration characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A validated method developed by Brierley et al 45 for EDN was used to quantify the concentration of both gases in air. Although this method was validated only for EDN, several studies have used very similar analytical conditions to quantify the concentrations of MB in air 11,28,46 . In brief, an Agilent GS‐Q column (30 m length and 0.53 mm diameter; Agilent Technologies) was used to separate gases with the inlet and oven maintained at 150°C, and the detector at 300°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this method was validated only for EDN, several studies have used very similar analytical conditions to quantify the concentrations of MB in air. 11,28,46 In brief, an Agilent GS-Q column (30 m length and 0.53 mm diameter; Agilent Technologies) was used to separate gases with the inlet and oven maintained at 150°C, and the detector at 300°C. A 10-μl sample was injected directly onto the column.…”

Section: Fumigant Delivery Sampling and Analytical Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison between the penetration characteristics of methyl bromide and ethanedinitrile through the bark of pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) logs

Hall

Adlam

2023

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Ethanedinitrile (EDN) is a fumigant being commercialized worldwide as an alternative phytosanitary treatment to methyl bromide (MB) for forest products. The penetration characteristics of MB and EDN were measured through the bark of wooden blocks (100 × 100 × 50 mm) cut from the upper (average bark thickness 5 ± 2 mm) and lower (average bark thickness 25 ± 5 mm) trunk of recently felled pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) trees. Doses of 48 g m−3 MB and 50 g m−3 EDN were applied to chambers at 10 and 20°C for 10 h. RESULTS Penetration of MB was influenced by the interaction between fumigation time and temperature, with concentrations increasing at a higher rate at 20°C compared with at 10°C. After 10 h, an average concentration of 8.05 ± 0.89 g m−3 had penetrated the bark of log sections at 20°C, whereas 5.20 ± 0.89 g m−3 was measured at 10°C. By contrast, the factors examined in this study did not significantly impact the penetration of EDN. Concentration × time (CT) values for MB under the bark were 35.20 ± 2.30 g h m−3 at 10°C and 55.85 ± 9.58 g h m−3 at 20°C; whereas for EDN, CT values were 19.50 ± 6.80 g h m−3 at 10°C and 19.08 ± 4.10 g h m−3 at 20°C. CONCLUSION MB can achieve a higher concentration under the bark of log sections during simulated fumigations, but all of the factors examined affected the ability of MB to penetrate the bark of wooden blocks. By comparison, the penetration of EDN through the bark is more consistent than MB under laboratory conditions. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fumigant Delivery Sampling and Analytical Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison between the penetration characteristics of methyl bromide and ethanedinitrile through the bark of pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) logs

Hall

Adlam

2023

Pest Management Science

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“…The rapid action is important since bark beetles have a high rate of colonization dynamics [1]. Unlike other countries and territories (e.g., [9]), methyl bromide (MeBr) is not registered in the EU and is not allowed for use even in critical quarantine exemptions since it is considered a serious ozone depletor. Fumigants registered in the EU (HCN, PH 3 , SO 2 F 2 ) are mainly used as biocides for the treatment of structural wood [10] or for specific cases, such as plant protection products for wood treatment in containers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fumigation of Insect-Infested Wooden Logs by EDN Using Two Scenarios of Plastic Tent-Tarpaulin Sealing: Wooden Logs Stacks Placed on Bottom Plastic Sheets or Directly on Underlying Soil

et al. 2021

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Recently, the largest bark beetle calamity (Ips typographus) of the last 100 years has erupted in Central Europe, including the Czech Republic. This calamity may threaten the sustainability of growing large areas of monoculture Norway spruce (Picea abies) in this area. Limited economically feasible physical and chemical pest control options are available to prevent the bark beetle spread. However, from these options, only mechanical bark removal or gas-insecticide fumigation result in instant deactivation of all pest stages throughout the entire stack of stored logs. Due to the ban on the use of methyl bromide (MeBr) for the fumigation of log piles under tarpaulin, the adaptation of the phyto-quarantine method EDN to the destruction of I. typographus bark beetles in harvested wood directly in forests was newly proposed in the Czech Republic. The methodical experience with fumigation of the harvested logs, however, was only available for wood fumigation in chambers or in tent-tarps fumigation placed on paved (concrete/asphalt) surfaces mainly in ship harbors. Prior to the introduction of the new EDN fumigation method of bark beetle infested wood stored directly in the forests, it was initially unclear whether it was necessary to use or neglect bottom sheets to optimize exposure and maximize Ct products for the permitted fixed initial dose (50 g·m−3). Therefore, the initial validation pilot trials were aimed at the estimation and comparison of EDN temporal dynamics and Ct products under real forest conditions and two fumigation scenarios: Wooden log pile placed on bottom plastic sheets or directly on soil without the bottom sheets. Field trials were performed under both identical as well as different environmental conditions. In addition, they revealed that the concentration decrease was significantly faster and Ct products were significantly lower in the case of trials without the bottom sheets. The experiments indicated high EDN sorption by the uncovered soil under the tent. Quantitatively, the average Ct product was 4.8 (identical conditions) and 3.7 (different conditions) times lower in EDN trials without the bottom sheets when compared to the use of bottom sheets. The initial field-forest fumigation validation trials indicated a necessity to carry out EDN fumigation under tent-tarps also using bottom sheets, although this fumigation procedure increases the labor-demands to some extent. Based on the presented results and additional data, the Czech authority issued for the EDN plant protection product an authorization for the limited and controlled use of wooden logs. Therefore, this work became the basis of the historically and first officially authorized use of any fumigant for pest control under commercial forest conditions.

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Efficacy of quarantine treatments using reduced methyl bromide concentrations to disinfest Pinus radiata logs from New Zealand

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Comparison between the penetration characteristics of methyl bromide and ethanedinitrile through the bark of pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) logs

Comparison between the penetration characteristics of methyl bromide and ethanedinitrile through the bark of pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) logs

Fumigation of Insect-Infested Wooden Logs by EDN Using Two Scenarios of Plastic Tent-Tarpaulin Sealing: Wooden Logs Stacks Placed on Bottom Plastic Sheets or Directly on Underlying Soil

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