Efficacy of Rose Myrtle Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Seed Extract against Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease in Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp Penaeus vannamei

Abstract

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is a new emerging bacterial disease that has been recently reported to cause mass mortalities in Pacific whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Antibiotics have been used to treat bacterial diseases in shrimp, but most of them have been ineffective and have resulted in drug residues in the harvested shrimp products. In this study, an alternative approach was tested for its efficacy in controlling AHPND. The extract of rose myrtle Rhodomyrtus tomentosa seed, a traditional Vietnamese medicine, was tested for antibacterial effect against three AHPND bacterial strains in vitro (Vibrio parahaemolyticus [VPAHPND] KC12.020, VPAHPND KC13.14.2, and V. harveyi KC13.17.5) and was further evaluated for its potential efficacy in prevention of AHPND in shrimp in vivo. The in vitro studies showed that the antibacterial activity of the R. tomentosa extract was dose dependent, with the strongest bacterial susceptibility (≥18.0 mm) at a concentration of around 3,500 μg/disc. The in vivo studies showed that after challenge with VPAHPND KC12.020, the survival rates for shrimp in the groups that received feed pellets supplemented with extract at 3.5% or 7.0% (survival ~48.9% and 52.2%, respectively) were significantly higher than the zero survival rate in the positive control group, which received feed without the extract. These results indicate that the use of the R. tomentosa extract as an alternative therapy for control of AHPND in shrimp could help to minimize disease outbreaks. As a result, the extract is further expected to reduce drug/chemical residues in shrimp products.

Metal sensing-carbon dots loaded TiO2-nanocomposite for photocatalytic bacterial deactivation and application in aquaculture

“…However, the bacterial disease called acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) mainly caused by V. harveyi intensely affects shrimp production, which leading to global economic losses 61 . During the AHPND pathogenesis, V. harveyi colonizes on the shrimp hepatopancreas (HP), in which it causing tissue destruction and dysfunction of the HP and digestive organs 62 . Hence, there is an increasing attention in the development of effective anti-infection agents to control the Vibrio mediated bacterial infections in aquaculture through anti-biofilm or anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) approach in recent years 23 , 24 .…”

Myrtle: a versatile medicinal plant

“…The antibacterial effect of rose myrtle ( Rhodomyrtus tomentosa ) seed extract was investigated in vitro against three acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) bacterial strains [ 88 ]. In addition, its efficiency against AHPND in shrimp was demonstrated in vivo.…”

Phenolic Extracts from Myrtaceae Leaves Improve the Quality and Shelf-life of Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp

“…The antimicrobial activities of the three extract powders were measured by using the agar well diffusion method designed by Dang et al (2019) with small modifications. Firstly, seven bacterial strains isolated from cold-stored spoiled whiteleg shrimps were taken from stocks and activated by being streaked on Petri dishes containing Tryptic Soya Agar (for Aeromonas sp.)…”