Efficacy of Selenium and Vitamin E Injections in the Prevention of White Muscle Disease in Young Swine

Je, Jones; Jh, Cline; Rf, Cross; Hs, Teague; Ap, Grifo

doi:10.2527/jas1973.3661104x

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The hallmark microscopic lesions of MHD are transmural haemorrhages in the heart muscle and severe necrosis of heart muscle fibres (Sharp et al., 1972b). This disease and its associated lesions are known by other names such as microangiopathy (MAP) (Rice and Kennedy, 1989; Korpela, 1990a,b, 1991) and white muscle disease (Mahan et al., 1973). In 2007, swine practitioners and producers observed a marked increase in MHD in nursery pigs across the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A higher frequency of MHD was observed in pigs fed low‐level selenium diets containing torula yeast (Sharp et al., 1972a) and MHD has been experimentally reproduced with diets deficient in vitamin E and selenium (Van Vleet, 1982). In the field, gross lesions such as a heart resembling the appearance of a mulberry, fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac and sudden death are reported conditions of vitamin E and selenium deficiency in pigs (Mahan et al., 1973). A retrospective analysis was conducted on vitamin E and selenium levels in liver in 37 and 26 cases, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin E and Selenium Levels are Within Normal Range in Pigs Diagnosed with Mulberry Heart Disease and Evidence for Viral Involvement in the Syndrome is Lacking

Shen

Thomas

Ensley

et al. 2011

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Mulberry heart disease (MHD) in pigs is characterized by lesions of acute haemorrhagic myocarditis and myocardial necrosis. The objectives of this study were to determine the levels of vitamin E and selenium and 13 other trace minerals in heart and liver tissues and to determine the prevalence of certain viral infections in heart tissues from MHD-affected and MHD-unaffected pigs and the vitamin E and selenium concentration in feed samples from selected farms with MHD. Based on the pathological examination, 114 pigs were separated into MHD lesion-negative (L-NEG) (n = 57) and MHD lesion-positive (L-POS) (n = 57) groups. Seventy-three samples (40 L-NEG and 33 L-POS) were subjected to chemical analysis, and 66 (32 L-NEG and 34 L-POS) were subjected to PCR detection for viral pathogens. Lower (P < 0.05) levels of myocardial copper, lower (P < 0.05) levels of hepatic magnesium and higher (P < 0.05) levels of myocardial and hepatic sodium were detected in the L-POS cases. Although lower (P < 0.05) levels of hepatic selenium were detected in L-POS group, all were within the normal range. Analysis of feed samples (n = 22) revealed that selenium levels in all the samples were above the legal limit (0.3 ppm) for pigs. Vitamin E levels in all feed samples were above 20 IU/kg. Among the 66 pigs subjected to PCR detection, there were 19, 4, 13, 8, 2 and 1 animals positive for porcine circovirus type 2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, pan-herpes virus, porcine enterovirus, pan-pestivirus and porcine parvovirus, respectively. Clear evidence of viral association with L-POS was lacking.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin E and Selenium Levels are Within Normal Range in Pigs Diagnosed with Mulberry Heart Disease and Evidence for Viral Involvement in the Syndrome is Lacking

Shen

Thomas

Ensley

et al. 2011

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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“…It is reported in various animal species, including the horse, in which mainly foals are affected up to weanling age, though adult cases have been described occasionally as well, with 82% of confirmed cases aged below four years [3–12]. The underlying pathology is thought to be free-radical mediated rhabdomyolysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White muscle disease in foals: focus on selenium soil content. A case series

Delesalle

Bruijn²,

Wilmink

et al. 2017

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundWhite muscle disease (WMD) is a nutritional myopathy caused by selenium (Se) deficiency. In most soils, Se is present in low concentrations, sometimes even below 0.2 mg/kg, a trend which is seen in many countries. Apart from total soil Se concentrations, soil conditions may be such that the bio-availability of Se is so low that it causes very low uptake in plants which can ultimately lead to deficiency problems in animals. This is the first case series to report clinical WMD in foals in areas deficient in Se, in the Netherlands.The aim of the current report is to provide an overview of the clinical history, symptoms and (clinical) pathology of 8 newborn foals living at 4 different premises and suffering from WMD together with the effectiveness of Se and vitamin E (Vit E) supplementation in the affected foals, their dams and herd members. Hands on practical information is provided to apply a correct and effective Se supplementation management in horses and which pitfalls need to be avoided for a successful approach.Case presentationCase features and history were mapped out for all foals. Se and Vit E status were assessed for the foals, their dams and herd members, at admission and after 3 months of Vit E/Se supplementation.Common symptoms were muscle weakness, inability to rise, lethargy and inadequate suckle reflex together with increased serum muscle enzymes and low glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and low to normal serum vit E levels. Necropsy revealed necrosis of skeletal muscles consistent with nutritional myopathy. Se status of the dams and herd members correlated well with the Se status of the foals. All surviving foals (n = 6) showed normal Vit E and GSH-Px levels after supplementation, likewise, all horses tested at premises 1, 3 and 4. However, dams and herd members in premises 2 showed no normalization. Horses of that premises were diagnosed with pyrrolizidine intoxication one year prior to the study.ConclusionsCertain regions in the Netherlands are sufficiently Se deficient to predispose newborn foals to develop WMD, especially when they are being fed a diet that mainly consists of locally harvested roughage.

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“…Previous reports (Ewan and Wastell, 1970; Grant, I96I; Mahan et al, 1973;Piper et al, 1975;Tollersrud and Nafstad, 1970;Van Vleet et , 1975) have associated increased activity of serum or plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase with lesions of selenium and/or vitamin E deficiency in swine.…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, Mahan _et al, (1973) have reported that selenium rather than vitamin E plays the major role in prevention of selenium-vitamin E defi ciency sjmdrome in pigs-Other workers (Grant and Thaf-velin, 1958;Michel et al, I969;Nafstad and Tollersrud, 1970) have reported that addition of selenium to diets that are deficient in selenium and vitamin E protects against the development of hepatic and cardiac lesions but not against skeletal muscle lesions. In both trials, supplemental selenium and vitamin E were administered intramuscularly and at weekly intervals while most other workers have added these supplements to the diets.…”

Section: )•mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of selenium-vitamin E deficiency produced experimentally in young pigs

Niyo

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Efficacy of Selenium and Vitamin E Injections in the Prevention of White Muscle Disease in Young Swine

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Vitamin E and Selenium Levels are Within Normal Range in Pigs Diagnosed with Mulberry Heart Disease and Evidence for Viral Involvement in the Syndrome is Lacking

Vitamin E and Selenium Levels are Within Normal Range in Pigs Diagnosed with Mulberry Heart Disease and Evidence for Viral Involvement in the Syndrome is Lacking

White muscle disease in foals: focus on selenium soil content. A case series

Studies of selenium-vitamin E deficiency produced experimentally in young pigs

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