Efficacy of simultaneous advanced oxidation and adsorption for treating municipal wastewater for indirect potable reuse

Influence of solids and hydraulic retention times on microbial diversity and removal of estrogens and nonylphenols in a pilot-scale activated sludge plant

“…The discharge of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as estrogens and nonylphenols from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) into surface waters is of great environmental concern. EDCs can induce feminine characteristics in male aquatic organisms [ 1 , 2 ], accumulate in the environment [ 3 ], and their presence in effluent will continue to impede the interest in indirect reuse of reclaimed municipal effluent [ [4] , [5] , [6] ]. Research in this field shows that the removal of EDCs by WWTPs can be optimised by changing operational parameters such as solids retention time (SRT) [ 7 , 8 ], hydraulic retention time (HRT) [ 8 ], temperature, dissolved oxygen and process layout [ 9 , 10 ].…”