Efficacy of Some Organic Amendments for the Control of Stem and Bulb Nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) Filipjev on Garlic (Allium sativum)

Abstract

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of some soil amendments, i.e; fresh chopped leaves or dry leaves powder of Datura stramonium, Peganum harmala or Tagetes minuta, poultry and sheep manure in controlling the stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci on garlic (Allium sativum) as compared to the nematicide, Vydate® (Oxamyl). All applied treatments significantly (P≤ 0.05) reduced final population of D. dipsaci except in treatment of sheep manure at lowest dosage rate, which significantly increased the population in comparison to that of the check. Efficacy of the treatments differed according to the type of organic soil amendment, dosage rate and type of application. Dry leaves powder of Peganum harmala was the most effective in reducing nematode counts in soil and garlic bulbs at the different rates, followed by fresh chopped leaves of Datura stramonium and T. minuta while, the lowest % reduction in such nematode parameters was recorded in case of soil amended with sheep manure followed by dry leaves powder of Datura stramonium. As for plant growth criteria the results reveal that most tested materials improved plant growth criteria of shoot, root and bulb compared to the untreated controls. Anastasiadis, I. A.; Giannakou, I. O.; Prophetou Athanasiadou, D. A. and Gowen, D. A. (2008). The combined effect of the application of a biocontrol agent Paecilomyces lilacinus, with various practices for the control of rootknot nematodes. Crop Protection, 27, 352-361. Archana, U. S. and Prasad, D. (2014). Management of plant-parasitic nematodes by the use of botanicals. J. Plant Physiol Pathol., 2:1. Awadh, G. M.; Saeed, M. R.; Najy, A. and Saleh, A. M. ( 2008). In-vitro nematicidal activity of some selected plants on stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci (Tylenchida: Tylenchidae). Yemeni J. of Biological Sci. 4(1):141-150. Badra, T.; Saleh, M.A. and Oteifa, B.A. (1979). Nematicidal activity and composition of some organic fertilizers and amendments. Rev. Nematol.,2: 29-36. Cavoski, I.; Chami, Z. A.; Bouzebboudja, F.; Sasanelli, N.; Simeone, V.; Mondelli, D.; Miano, T.; Sarais G.; Ntalli, N. G. and Caboni, P. (2012). Melia Azederach controls Meloidogyne incognita and triggers plant defence mechanisms on cucumber. Crop Protect., 35: 85-90. Chattopadhyay, P. R. (1991). Nematicidal properties of some plant materials on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cultivar local) infested with Meloidogyne incognita . Geobios (Jodhpur), 18(5/6): 232-236.