Efficacy of standardised herbal extracts in type 1 diabetes - an experimental study

Abstract

In the present study, the hypoglycemic activity of Withania somnifera Dunal, Allium sativum Linn., Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult, Ferula foetida (Bunge.) Reg. and Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. extracts have been studied in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes was induced in albino rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Rats with fasting blood glucose (FBG) more than 250 mg/dl, 72 h after STZ administration, were treated with extracts of above mentioned medicinal plants. The fasting blood glucose was determined every week for 3 weeks by the glucose oxidase method. STZ-administration led to a highly significant elevation in FBG levels. The percent decrease in FBG levels from STZ-induced hyperglycemia was 43.3 + 27.8, 48.2 + 22.4 and 48.2 + 7.9, after 3 weeks of treatment with standardised extracts of Withania somnifera (1.5% withanolides), Allium sativum (0.6% allicin) and Gymnema sylvestre (75% gymnemic acid), respectively. The fall in blood glucose with the herbal extracts was less when compared to insulin. In the vehicle treated group, there was 8.8 + 9.3 percent increase in blood glucose values at the third week of treatment and in insulin treated group, percent decrease in blood glucose from the values obtained at 72 h after STZ-administration was 63.5 + 4.9. Ferula foetida (60% ferulic acid) and Murraya koenigii extracts did not show any hypoglycemic effect in animal model of type 1 diabetes.

A histological study on the possible protective role of garlic in diabetes-induced structural changes in the renal cortex of adult male albino rats

“…Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to animals fasted overnight at a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight in a volume of 0.5 ml saline [11]. Blood samples were obtained from the retro-orbital plexus in streptozotocin-injected animals after 72 h following an overnight fast.…”

Withania somnifera (Indian ginseng) in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of scientific evidence from experimental research to clinical application

“…Figure , PRISMA flow‐chart of study selection, depicts the overall process of study selection. A total of 24 studies met the inclusion criteria; in‐vitro ( n = 6; Huerta, Mihalik, Becket, Maitin, & Vattem, ; Jonathan, Rivka, Avinoam, Lumír, & Nirit, ; Khan, Khan, & Ali, ; Nirupama, Devaki, Nirupama, & Yajurvedi, ; Shah, Khan, Vakil, & Qureshi, ; Singh, Joshi, & Jatwa, ); pre‐clinical ( n = 13 [mice model, n = 2; rat model, n = 11]; Anwer et al, ; Anwer, Sharma, Pillai, & Iqbal, ; Anwer, Sharma, Pillai, & Khan, ; Jain, Pandhi, Singh, & Malhotra, ; Kiasalari, Khalili, & Aghaei, ; Kyathanahalli, Manjunath, & Muralidhara, ; M. S. Parihar, Chaudhary, Shetty, & Hemnani, ; P. Parihar, Shetty, Ghafourifar, & Parihar, ; Sarangi, Jena, Sarangi, & Swain, ; Tekula, Khurana, Anchi, & Godugu, ; Thakur, Dey, Shyam Chatterjee, & Kumar, ; Udayakumar et al, , ); clinical ( n = 5; Agnihotri, Sontakke, Thawani, Saoji, & Goswami, ; Andallu & Radhika, ; Nayak, Nayak, Panda, & Das, ; Usharani, Fatima, Kumar, & Kishan, ; Usharani, Kishan, Fatima, & Kumar, ). The duration of included pre‐clinical studies ranged from 10 to 56 days, and clinical trials from 30 to 84 days which used authenticated extract of W. somnifera .…”

“…To the facts, this is the first systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluating the efficacy/effectiveness, safety and tolerability of W. somnifera treatment in DM. Of 13 pre‐clinical studies, four studies investigated effect of W. somnifera in type‐2 diabetes rats (Anwer et al, , , ; Thakur et al, ), three studies in type‐1 diabetes rats (Jain et al, ; Kiasalari et al, ; Tekula et al, ) and the remaining studies did not mention about the type of diabetes condition (Kyathanahalli et al, ; M. S. Parihar et al, ; P. Parihar et al, ; Sarangi et al, ; Udayakumar et al, , ). However, by virtue of their pancreatic β‐cell reduction/toxicity by AM/STZ, these studies mimicked either type‐1 or type‐2 diabetes or both conditions (Durg, Veerapur, Neelima, & Dhadde, ).…”

The Effect of (cod liver oil-Insulin) combination on suppressing the diabetes deleterious effect on the excretory ducts of sublingual salivary Glands of Albino Rats

“…Moreover, it has been shown that insulin is unable to completely inhibit protein glycation which can maintain increased oxidative stress in diabetic tissues. These problems led several investigators to focus their attention on the traditional medicines (Jain et al, 2006).…”