Efficacy of systemic adjuvant therapies administered to dogs after excision of oral malignant melanomas: 151 cases (2001–2012)

Boston, Sarah E.; Lu, Xingrong; Culp, William T. N.; Montinaro, Vincenzo; Romanelli, Giorgio; Dudley, Robert M.; Liptak, Julius M.; Mestrinho, Lisa A; Buracco, Paolo

doi:10.2460/javma.245.4.401

Cited by 90 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The relatively low sensitivity of FNAC for detecting metastatic sarcomas in LNs (67%), also reported in a previous study, could be related, at least in part, to the poorly exfoliative nature of sarcomas, which limits the ability of FNACs to be used for metastatic sarcoma diagnoses . The relatively poor sensitivity of FNAC for detecting metastatic malignant melanomas in LNs (63%) has also been anecdotally reported . In one study assessing the efficacy of systemic adjuvant therapies in dogs with excised oral malignant melanomas, 41 dogs had both cytologic and histopathologic examinations of at least one LN, and the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC were 78.1% and 64.1%, respectively .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Investigation of the utility of lymph node fine‐needle aspiration cytology for the staging of malignant solid tumors in dogs

Fournier

Cazzini

Bavčar

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Investigation of the utility of lymph node fine‐needle aspiration cytology for the staging of malignant solid tumors in dogs

Fournier

Cazzini

Bavčar

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…Accurate and early staging is essential to guide management of cancer in dogs. Lymph node metastasis is a common feature of multiple cancers of the head and neck, with varying approaches considered to assess regional lymph nodes . Lymph node size alone has been repeatedly shown to be a poor marker of the presence or absence of metastasis in dogs .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic accuracy of contrast‐enhanced computed tomography for assessment of mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in dogs with oral and nasal cancer

Skinner

Boston

Giglio

et al. 2018

Vet Comparative Oncology

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The diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced CT for detection of cervical lymph node metastasis in dogs is unknown. The purpose of this retrospective, observational, diagnostic accuracy study was to assess the efficacy of CT for detection of mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in dogs. Histopathology of dogs with cancer of the head, CT and bilateral mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy was reviewed. A single radiologist measured lymph nodes to derive short axis width and long-short axis ratios. Two blinded radiologists separately assessed lymph node margins, attenuation and contrast enhancement and each provided a final subjective interpretation of each node site as benign or neoplastic. Where radiologists' opinions differed, a consensus was reached. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated for mandibular and medial retropharyngeal sites. Agreement between radiologists was assessed. Fisher's exact test and the Kruskal-Wallis H-test were used to assess associations between variables. Forty-one primary tumours were recorded in 40 dogs. Metastasis to mandibular or retropharyngeal lymph nodes occurred in 16 out of 40 dogs (43/160 nodes). Agreement between radiologists was almost perfect for margination, attenuation and enhancement, strong for interpretation of mandibular lymph node metastasis, and weak for interpretation of medial retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis. Sensitivity of CT was 12.5% and 10.5%, specificity was 91.1% and 96.7%, and accuracy was 67.5% and 76.3% for mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes respectively. No individual CT findings were predictive of nodal metastasis. Given the low sensitivity of CT, this modality cannot be relied upon alone for assessment of cervical lymph node metastasis in dogs.

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“…The author of the editorial correctly raised concerns regarding study size for the Ottnod paper (Ottnod et al, 2013) and the level of censoring in the Grosenbaugh study (Grosenbaugh et al, 2011) (it was impossible to derive a melanoma specific median survival time for vaccinees as more than half of these dogs were censored from this analysis) (Vail, 2013). A subsequently published case series of dogs with oral CMM treated with surgery found no survival benefit in a group that received adjuvant vaccination compared to surgery alone (Boston et al, 2014). Based on the results of these trials, it is unclear as to whether a veterinary oncologist should actively advise treatment with Oncept™.…”

Section: Early Evidence Supporting Oncept™mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer immunology and canine malignant melanoma: A comparative review

Atherton

Morris

McDermott

et al. 2016

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Canine melanoma as a model of human melanomaFor at least two decades, veterinary oncologists have advocated using spontaneously occurring tumours in companion animals as models for human cancer (Knapp and Waters, 1997;MacEwen, 1990). Several recent reviews have readdressed this approach identifying osteosarcoma, mammary tumours, head and neck cancers, bladder carcinomas, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, prostatic carcinoma, lung cancer and pertinently oral canine malignant melanoma (CMM) as good models for human neoplasms (Hansen and Khanna, 2004;Khanna and Hunter, 2005;Paoloni and Khanna, 2008). The major benefits of dogs as tumour models include the ability to study genetically outbred and immunologically intact animals in which cancers develop spontaneously and thus, more likely reflect the process of tumourigenesis compared to experimentally-induced neoplasms. As pets and owners share the same environment, they may be exposed to the same carcinogens, which, in part, drive tumour development. Regarding disease modelling, animal tumours often have similar clinical presentation, tumour biology and histopathological appearance to their human counterparts and usually progress more rapidly, thereby shortening data maturation times. In addition, few "standard of care" therapies exist for dogs meaning that within reason, trial therapeutics can be instigated at any point. Given these benefits, companion animal tumour models more accurately reflect the features of human cancers compared to rodent models with CMM being a desirable example of one such neoplasm. Conversely, the opportunity to translate the potential value of state of the art human therapeutics to the veterinary clinic also exists. Oral canine malignant melanoma (CMM) is a spontaneously occurring aggressive tumour with relatively few medical treatment options, which provides a suitable model for the disease in humans. Historically, multiple immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at provoking both innate and adaptive anti-tumour immune responses have been published with varying levels of activity against CMM. Recently, a plasmid DNA vaccine expressing human tyrosinase has been licensed for the adjunct treatment of oral CMM. This article reviews the immunological similarities between CMM and the human counterpart; mechanisms by which tumours evade the immune system; reasons why melanoma is an attractive target for immunotherapy; the premise of whole cell, dendritic cell (DC), viral and DNA vaccination strategies alongside preliminary clinical results in dogs. Current "gold standard" treatments for advanced human malignant melanoma are evolving quickly with remarkable results being achieved following the introduction of immune checkpoint blockade and adoptively transferred cell therapies. The rapidly expanding field of cancer immunology and immunotherapeutics means that rational targeting of this disease in both species should enhance treatment outcomes in veterinary and human clinics.

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Efficacy of systemic adjuvant therapies administered to dogs after excision of oral malignant melanomas: 151 cases (2001–2012)

Cited by 90 publications

References 15 publications

Investigation of the utility of lymph node fine‐needle aspiration cytology for the staging of malignant solid tumors in dogs

Investigation of the utility of lymph node fine‐needle aspiration cytology for the staging of malignant solid tumors in dogs

Diagnostic accuracy of contrast‐enhanced computed tomography for assessment of mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in dogs with oral and nasal cancer

Cancer immunology and canine malignant melanoma: A comparative review

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