Efficacy of the jawbone defect elimination

Abstract

The regenerative medicine methods are being actively developed both in Russia and abroad due to relevance of this direction, especially in the field of the jaw osteoplasty. Autologous, allogeneic and xenoplastic materials, as well as the calcium phosphate ceramics synthetic preparations are conventionally used to normalize and stimulate osteogenesis, however, the treatment outcomes are not always unequivocal. The study was aimed to substantiate the use of the biocomplex consisting of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) and xenoplastic material to improve the jawbone osteogenesis efficacy. The study involved 136 patients (105 females and 31 males aged 21–67) divided into four groups based on the method of bone defect restoration. In group 1, no osteoplastic material was used; in group 2, osteoplasty involved the use of the PRGF fibrin gel; in group 3, the Osteobiol Gen-Os material was used; in group 4, osteoplasty involved using the combination of the Osteobiol Gen-Os material and plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF). Computed tomography and digital densitometry were performed before surgery and 3, 6, 12 months after it to assess the dynamics of osteogenesis. A year later restoration of the lost bone tissue volume was reported in 100% of patients in group 4, 70.27% of patients in group 3, 43.47% of patients in group 2, 37.5% of patients in group 1; Fisher's exact test revealed significant differences in the osteoplasty outcomes in groups 3 and 4 (p = 0.00002). There were significant differences in bone density between patients of groups 1 and 2 twelve months after surgery (p = 0.044), between patient of groups 3 and 4 three (p = 0.004), six (p = 0.0001) and 12 (p = 0.0001) months after surgery. The findings show that the method proposed is effective.