Efficacy of the Placental Barrier for Immunoglobulins: Correlations between Maternal, Paternal and Fetal Immunoglobulin Levels

Avrech, Ori M.; Samra, Zmira; Lazarovich, Zipora; Caspi, Eliahu; Jacobovich, Avishay; Sompolinsky, D

doi:10.1159/000236622

Cited by 68 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Scirica et al [15] succinctly summarized the reasons why this is not necessary in their recent analysis of predictors of cord blood IgE in which they did not screen their samples for maternal cord blood contamination. Briefly, most of the IgE detected in the cord blood is probably from the fetus itself since (1) maternal IgE does not cross the placenta [16], and (2) by the 11th week of gestation, the fetus is capable of producing IgE [17]. They further explain that although some studies have measured both IgE and IgA in cord blood, the rates of contamination were low [7,18,19,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth Order and Cord Immunoglobulin E: Results Using a High-Sensitivity Immunoglobulin E Protocol

Wegienka

Havstad

Shue

et al. 2007

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Studies have shown an inverse association between birth order and allergic disease risk; some but not all have shown an inverse association between cord blood immunoglobulin E (IgE) and birth order. We further examined the relationship between birth order and cord blood IgE in a racially diverse birth cohort. Methods: Women were interviewed about their pregnancy history, and their babies’ cord blood was collected to measure total IgE using a high-sensitivity protocol (lower detection limit 0.01 IU/ml). We analyzed cord IgE as both a continuous and categorical measure. Results: Of the 733 children, 171 (23%) were first born, 92 (13%) were first born with the mother having prior pregnancies but no live births, and 470 (64%) were born second or later. By birth order, the geometric means ± standard deviations were: first born 0.26 ± 4.2 IU/ml, first born after prior pregnancies 0.35 ± 3.9 IU/ml, second born 0.30 ± 4.8 IU/ml, third born 0.28 ± 5.1 IU/ml, and fourth born or greater 0.28 ± 4.5 IU/ml (trend p = 0.51). Other factors considered (maternal allergic disease history, age, race, exposure to smoking and cats/dogs during pregnancy, fetal gender, season of delivery) neither modified nor confounded these relationships. Conclusions: Unlike some previous reports, there was no association between total cord IgE level and birth order. Mechanisms other than cord IgE should be studied in the quest to understand the role of birth order in allergic disease risk. Categorization of a continuous measure of IgE may incorrectly create statistically significant results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth Order and Cord Immunoglobulin E: Results Using a High-Sensitivity Immunoglobulin E Protocol

Wegienka

Havstad

Shue

et al. 2007

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…Sua produção é extremamente baixa no feto e recém-nascido, exceto quando há estímulo infeccioso ou antigêni-co 5,23 . Das cinco classes de imunoglobulinas conhecidas até o presente (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG e IgM), a IgG é a única que, indubitavelmente, atravessa a barreira placentária e, desse modo, representa quase a totalidade desses anticorpos no neonato 23,41 .…”

Section: Linfócitos Bunclassified

Imunidade relacionada à resposta alérgica no início da vida

Correa¹,

Zuliani²

2001

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Objective: given that the most common allergic manifestations (asthma, rhinitis, dermatitis, food allergies) occur during childhood, because the immune system can be induced into sensitization rather than into allergenic tolerance at the beginning of life, we analyzed the main immunological aspects of fetuses and infant in terms of allergic sensitization and response.Methods: detailed bibliographic revision concerning nonspecific immune response (physical and chemical barriers, myeloid cells) and specific immune response (T and B lymphocytes, cytokines) of the fetus and infant, with special attention to studies carried out in the last fifteen years.Results: various compartments of the immune system in fetuses and infants are different from those present in older children and adults. Thus, developmental aspects of nonspecific and specific immunity may contribute to atopic disease.Conclusions: atopic predisposition is determined at the beginning of life and seems to originate not only from genetic factors, but also from intrauterine environment and initial stage of childhood, inducing the immune system to increase the synthesis of IgE.J Pediatr (Rio J) 2001; 77 (6): 441-6: hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, natural immunity, cellular immunity, antibody formation. ResumoObjetivo: considerando-se que é na infância que as manifestações alérgicas mais comuns (asma, rinite, dermatite, alergia alimentar) ocorrem, porque é no início da vida que o sistema imune pode ser induzido à sensibilização ao invés de tolerância alergênica, analisamos as principais peculiaridades imunológicas do feto e da criança jovem, inerentes à sensibilização e resposta alérgica.Métodos: os autores realizaram revisão literária detalhada concernente à resposta imune inespecífica (barreiras físico-químicas, células mielóides) e específica (linfócitos T e B, citocinas) do feto e de crianças mais jovens, enfatizando os estudos mais relevantes nos últimos quinze anos.Resultados: vários compartimentos do sistema imune do feto e de crianças mais jovens são diferentes daqueles da criança maior e do adulto. Conseqüentemente, aspectos relativos ao desenvolvimento da imunidade inespecífica e específica, podem contribuir para a geração de atopia.Conclusões: a predisposição atópica determina-se no início da vida e parece originar-se, além dos fatores genéticos, por aqueles ocorridos no ambiente intra-uterino e fase inicial da infância, os quais influenciam o sistema imune à síntese elevada de IgE.J Pediatr (Rio J) 2001; 77 (6): 441-6: hipersensibilidade, autoimunidade, imunidade natural, imunidade celular, formação de anticorpos. Imunidade relacionada à resposta alérgica no início da vidaImmunity related to allergic response at the beginning of life Joaquina M.M. Correa 1 , Antonio Zuliani 2 As alergopatias resultam de uma conjunção de fatores genéticos (produção de células, citocinas e imunoglobulina E, por exemplo) e ambientais específicos (alérgenos) ou inespecíficos (tabagismo, infecções, exercícios, alterações psicossociais, tratamento e outros). T...

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“…IgE levels in the circulation of neonates born in Westernized countries are characteristically very low, ranging from not detectable to Ͻ2 IU/mL (3,4). Nevertheless, as IgE does not traverse the placenta (5,6), IgE in the fetal circulation probably represents fetal production, although, as IgE is detectable in amniotic fluid where it might be of maternal origin (7), any IgE detected in the fetal circulation could reflect IgE of both fetal and maternal origin. IgE production by fetal tissues has been demonstrated to occur in the fetal liver and lung from as early as 11 wk of gestation, and by 21 wk of gestation explants of fetal spleen can also synthesize IgE (8).…”

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confidence: 99%