Efficacy of the Strengths-based Writing Intervention among the Clinical Adolescents with Externalizing Maladjustment Behaviors

Behavior problems and personality in Korean high school students

“…As for the JTCI temperament domain with a biological basis, NS and HA were risk factors and RD was a protective factor for YSR Total and Internalizing Problems, and NS was a risk factor for YSR Externalizing Problems. These results are in accordance with previous studies which showed that high HA and low RD is associated with Total and Internalizing Problems (Copeland et al., 2004; Hemphälä, Gustavsson & Tengström, 2013; Kim, 2013; Kim et al, 2006; Lim, Choi & Choi, 2013; Rettew et al, 2006) and high NS is related to Externalizing Problems (Copeland et al., 2004; Ha & Kwon, 2016; Hemphälä, Gustavsson & Tengström, 2013; Kim & Lee, 2016; Kim et al, 2006; Rettew et al, 2006).…”

“…The HA temperament was shown to have a strong positive correlation with Internalizing Problems such as depression and anxiety (Copeland et al., 2004; Hemphälä, Gustavsson & Tengström, 2013; Kim, 2013; Kim et al, 2006; Lim, Choi & Choi, 2013; Rettew et al, 2006), while NS and RD temperaments (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993; Kim et al, 2006; Lim, Choi & Choi, 2013) and SD character (Copeland et al., 2004; Kim, 2013; Kim et al, 2006) showed negative correlations with depression and anxiety. The NS temperament alone (Copeland et al., 2004; Ha & Kwon, 2016; Hemphälä, Gustavsson & Tengström, 2013; Kim & Lee, 2016; Kim et al, 2006; Rettew et al, 2006) or in association with HA (Kim et al, 2006) demonstrated a positive correlation with Externalizing Problems such as violence and rule-breaking, and the SD and CO characters (Copeland et al., 2004; Kim et al, 2006) showed a negative correlation.…”