Efficacy of Tissue Culture in Virus Elimination from Caprifig and Female Fig Varieties (Ficus carica L.)

Abstract

Fig mosaic disease (FMD) is a viral disease that spreads in all Tunisian fig (Ficus carica L.) orchards. RT-PCR technique was applied to leaf samples of 29 fig accessions of 15 fig varieties from the fig germplasm collection of High Agronomic Institute (I.S.A) of Chatt-Mariem, to detect viruses associated to FMD. Analysis results show that 65.5% of the accessions (19/29) and 80.0% (12/15) of the fig varieties are infected by FMD-associated viruses. From all fig accessions, 41.4% of them are with single infection (one virus) and 24.1% are with multi-infections (2 virus and more). Viruses infecting fig leaf samples are Fig mosaic virus (FMV) (20.7%), Fig milde-mottle-associated virus (FMMaV) (17.25%), Fig fleck associated virus (FFkaV) (3.45%), and Fig cryptic virus (FCV) (55.17%). A reliable protocol for FCV and FMMaV elimination from 4 local fig varieties Zidi (ZDI), Soltani (SNI), Bither Abiadh (BA), and Assafri (ASF) via in vitro culture of 3 meristem sizes was established and optimized. With this protocol, global sanitation rates of 79.46%, 65.55%, 68.75%, and 70.83% respectively for ZDI, SNI, BA, and ASF are achieved. For all sanitized varieties, the effectiveness of meristem culture for the elimination of FCV and FMMaV viruses was related to meristem size. Meristem size 0.5 mm provides the highest sanitation rates ranging from 70% to 90%.

Incidence, Molecular Detection, and Partial Nucleotide Sequencing of Some Viruses Causing Fig Mosaic Disease (FMD) on Fig Plants in Egypt

“…In comparison with our findings, all 137 tested trees from all cultivars were infected by at least one virus, with FMV and FLMaV-2 being the most prevalent viruses with incidence rates of 49% and 21.8% in all tested plants, respectively, followed by FLMaV-1 with an incidence rate of 10.9% in all tested plants. Our findings corroborate prior reports from a number of Mediterranean countries [ 1 , 2 , 7 , 23 , 34 , 37 – 42 ].…”

“…The common fig ( Ficus carica L., Moraceae ) was one of the first cultivated fruit crops in the Mediterranean region, which is now regarded as the world's leading fig-producing region [ 1 , 2 ], and it is very important in Egypt [ 3 ]. Fig fruits may be eaten fresh or dried and are known for their moderate laxative properties [ 4 , 5 ].…”

The organization of the virus-tested planting material production for the grape varieties of the local and foreign selection in Kazakhstan

“…In the process of electrophoresis agarose gel was used in 1.7% concentration with addition of normal strength Tris Borate buffer coloured by ethydium bromide in 0.5 µg/ml concentration at the voltage of 100 V for 45 minutes with the further photographic documentation of amplicons in ultraviolet light and processing in AdobePhotoshop 7.0 program. The obtained results were analyzed through the use of CrossChecker 2.91 software with transfer of data into binary matrices on the grounds of presence or absence of polymorphous fragments uniform in size [15].…”

PCR diagnosis and in vitro sanitation of the papaya MSXJ hybrid with ringspot virus disease

“…Explant size is an important aspect to both regenerate the apical meristems and achieve sanitation. Bayoudh et al (2017) found that the best tissue size to eradicate Feline calicivirus (FCV) and Fig mild mottle associated virus (FMMaV) (70% to 90% success rates) in the Ficus carica L. species measured approximately 0.5 mm; this agrees with research conducted in cassava in which Deepthi and Makeshkumar (2016) eliminated 100% SCMV and Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV) when the 53 apical meristems were between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, sizes very similar to those of the MSXJ hybrid (0.3 mm). In addition, studies conducted by Al-Taleb et al (2011) and Hossain and Levy (2014) in potato showed the benefits of eliminating Potato virus Y (PVY) and Potato virus X (PVX) (75% to 100%), which are similar to PRSV because they are potyviruses and cause substantial economic losses in the crops they infect.…”