Efficacy Of Using Carbopol As An Adjuvant For Tissue Culture Inactivated Rabies Vaccine

Aly, Naglaa I.; El-Shamandy, Omaima A.; Shendy, M. B.; Warda, Fatma F.; Farouk, Ekbal Mohamed

doi:10.21608/javs.2020.103395

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The non-booster animals in group 2 and 3 had level of antibodies less than that in booster animals but still higher than that in the sera of calves in the first group which although received 2 doses. These findings agree with Gartlan et al (2016) who mentioned that Carbopol (carbomer) enhances and activates cellular and humoral immunity in mammals and the same conclusions were reported by Mair et al (2015) and Aly et al (2020) . In addition, Albehwar et al (2010) stated that the use of a live BEF vaccine which was inactivated at the time of administration induced high levels of specific BEF neutralizing antibodies where the diluent of such vaccine contains saponin which acts as a virus in activator and immune stimulant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Immunogenicity of a freeze-dried combined vaccine against Rift Valley fever and bovine ephemeral fever in cattle

Aly¹,

Atwa²,

Abbas³

et al. 2023

Open Vet J

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Background: The target of vaccination is to encourage a strong, covering and long-lasting immune response against antigens. For achieving these objectives; effective adjuvant and new vaccine strategies are demanded to make the vaccine sufficiently immunogenic to instigate a powerful immune response Aim: This study was completed for elaboration and evaluation of freeze-dried combined vaccine against both Rift Valley fever (RVF) and Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF) viruses using different stabilizers. Methods: Three formulae were prepared from such vaccine including: formula (1): stabilized with a mixture of 5% Lactalbumin Hydrolysate and 2.5% sucrose, formula (2): stabilized with a mixture of 50% the previous stabilizer and 50% of 1% Carbopol and formula (3): stabilized with 1% Carbopol solution. Samples of the three vaccine formulae were reconstituted on the time of experimental animal vaccination using saponin diluent which acts as an adjuvant for both RVFv and BEFv and as inactivator BEF virus. The ratio between both viruses in all vaccine formulae was 1:1. Results: All vaccine batches were proved to be free of any foreign contaminants and unharmed for experimentally vaccinated animals. Each of three groups of calves was vaccinated S/C with 2ml of a reconstituted vaccine formula and their immune response was evaluated using serum neutralization test (SNT). The gained results revealed that the prepared combined freeze-dried vaccine with Carbopol elicited better humoral immune response than the other two vaccine formulae. Conclusion: It could be recommended to use Carbopol as a stabilizer for preparation of the aimed vaccine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Immunogenicity of a freeze-dried combined vaccine against Rift Valley fever and bovine ephemeral fever in cattle

Aly¹,

Atwa²,

Abbas³

et al. 2023

Open Vet J

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“…The safety test of the prepared PPR vaccine formula stabilized with carbomer showed safe post inoculation reaction, even with 1% concentration in the vaccine formula indicating its safety, but the safety of 0.5% carbomer did not tested as it is the lower concentration and that of peptone and sucrose was previously determined, as these finding determined also by Mair et al, (2015) and Naglaa et al, (2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Previous studies had evidenced that the utilizing of carbomer is safe in vaccine preparation and has more robust immune responses than those by orthodox vaccines. Carbopol® boosts cellular immunity by polarizing a strong type-1 T-cell (Th1) and producing interferon-gamma (IFNγ) as well as boosts antigen capture by macrophages, especially the dendritic cells (Naglaa et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Carbomer as a Stabilizer for lyophilized attenuated Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) vaccine

Mohamed

2023

Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences

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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a category of acute fulminating infectious viral disease, affecting seriously sheep and goats. It is caused by PPRV that classified within a Morbillivirus; family Paramixoviridae. Vaccination is the cornerstone to protect sheep and goats against such diseases. The present work aims to provide a highly potent attenuated lyophilized PPR vaccine where three formulae were prepared including formula (1) stabilized with 1% carbomer and 2% peptone; formula (2) stabilized with 0.5% carbomer and formula (3) stabilized with 2% peptone; 10% sucrose and 0.27% dihydrogen orthophosphate. The three lyophilized PPR vaccine formulae had compact similar cacks without different shape appearances. Also, the three formulae were found to be free from foreign contaminants (aerobic and anaerobic bacteria; fungi and mycoplasma) having no significant difference in the virus titer pre-and post-lyophilization. Reduction in the virus titer post lyophilization was 0.25, 0.5 and 0.5 log10 TCID 50 /ml in relation to formula 1; 2 and 3 respectively. Although formula (2) induced the peak PPR serum neutralizing antibody titer earlier (128 by the 3 rd week) than the other 2 formulae (128 by the 4 th week); the potency test revealed that all vaccine formulae were potently inducing high protective PPR immune levels in vaccinated sheep up to 6 months post-vaccination. So, it could be suggested that carbomer accelerate the time to reach the peak of PPR antibody titers in vaccinated sheep.

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“…It was dissolved in hot water to prepare 0.5% aqueous stock solutions and sterilized by autoclaving at 121°C for 20 min, then stored at 4°C until further use according to the United States Pharmacopeial Convention guidelines [ 42 ]. An equal volume of the viral fluid was mixed with the aqueous solution of carbopol, and then neutralized with 20% sodium hydroxide [ 43 ]. Depending on the suitable vaccine dose in the results, the suitable dose was mixed with the stabilizer and 0.2% carbopol, and then dispersed into a polyethylene sterile sachet.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and the assessed efficacy of oral baits for the vaccination of free-roaming dogs against rabies

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: Rabies is considered a highly fatal zoonotic disease and many deaths in humans have been associated with dog bites. This study was designed to prepare an oral anti-rabies vaccine in the form of baits to eliminate the disease in free-roaming dogs and subsequently protect humans from dog bites. Materials and Methods: The Evelyn Rokintniki Abelseth (ERA) rabies virus strain was propagated in baby hamster kidney cell cultures and adjusted to the recommended dose for application. Four forms of oral baits were employed with the rabies vaccine, which was evaluated for safety, acceptability, and potency in different dog groups. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and the serum neutralization test (SNT) were used to determine the protective rabies antibody titer in the sera of vaccinated dogs. Results: According to the results, a dose of 3 mL of the ERA strain, containing a viral titer of 107.6 TCID50/mL, induced a mean antibody titer of 25.6 by SNT, and the PI% was 75.7 by Block ELISA, providing a protective level of the rabies antibody in 100% of vaccinated dogs. All used baits were found to be safe, inducing no abnormal general post-vaccination signs (the signs are limited to mild fever, mild loss of appetite, and mild-to-moderate loss of energy for 24-36 h after vaccination). Conclusion: It was found that most of the accepted and highly potent bait types consisted of a mixture of wheat flour, vegetable oil, sodium alginate, corn starch, meat meal, cellulose gum, and water. This dog meal was covered with bran and edible wax to seal the bait cavity after inserting the vaccine sachet. This bait was able to induce a protective level of rabies antibodies in 100% of vaccinated dogs after receiving one bait/dog. Hence, such a bait could be recommended for use in the protection of free-roaming dogs and the elimination of the disease.

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Efficacy Of Using Carbopol As An Adjuvant For Tissue Culture Inactivated Rabies Vaccine

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Immunogenicity of a freeze-dried combined vaccine against Rift Valley fever and bovine ephemeral fever in cattle

Immunogenicity of a freeze-dried combined vaccine against Rift Valley fever and bovine ephemeral fever in cattle

Efficacy of Carbomer as a Stabilizer for lyophilized attenuated Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) vaccine

Preparation and the assessed efficacy of oral baits for the vaccination of free-roaming dogs against rabies

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