Efficacy of Venous Sac Embolization for Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations: Comparison with Feeding Artery Embolization

Early Experience with the AMPLATZER Vascular Plug IV for the Occlusion of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations

“…Hayashi et al (15) reported no reperfusion in 15 PAVMs when direct venous sac embolization was performed, compared with standard feeding artery embolization. Milic et al (16) found that an increased feeding artery diameter, a low number of coils, the use of oversized coils, and proximal coil placement within the feeding artery are associated with reperfusion and that recanalization was the mechanism responsible for the reperfusion in 88% of cases.…”

Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations: Current Technique of Transcatheter Embolization and Subsequent Management

“…Placing two microcatheters in the feeding artery of a PAVM allowed two coils to be positioned and their stability be assessed before either coil was detached [20]. Some authors have reported that embolization of the feeding artery and venous sac may be useful [21][22][23] (Fig. 1).…”

“…The persistence rates evaluated by CT were reportedly up to 19% [34,[36][37][38]. However, the CT criteria reported in the literature included at least a 70% reduction in a draining vein and venous sac or their contrast enhancements [21,26,[35][36][37][38]. All of these CT criteria are indirect findings because it is often difficult to identify the recanalization itself through the embolic devices by CT due to metal artifacts [35].…”

Superselective Coaxial Microballoon-Occluded Coil Embolization for Vascular Disorders: A Preliminary Report

“…Previous reports regarding transcatheter arterial embolization for many vascular disorders, including pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AFMs; PAVMs), visceral artery aneurysms (VAAs), and gastroduodenal artery (GDA) stump pseudoaneurysms after pancreaticoduodenectomy, have confirmed that an important cause of failure is insufficient embolization, with subsequent recanalization (3,6,7,9).…”

“…Transcatheter coil embolization with detachable microcoils has been widely used in the treatment of several vascular disorders as an alternative treatment to surgical ligation (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Embolization with microballoon catheters has been demonstrated to be useful for flow control in smaller vessels (8).…”