Efficacy of wax‐based bait stations for controlling Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Bactrocera dorsalis is a notorious pest and spraying of insecticides has been the major approach to controlling its damage. However, insecticide abuse has led to negative impacts on public health and insecticide resistance; hence, sustainable strategies, such as bait stations, need to be developed and taken into account for B. dorsalis management. In this study, we integrated insecticide, sugar, olfactory and visual elements into a wax matrix to formulate a long-lasting bait station. We determined its efficacy against B. dorsalis under field conditions. RESULTS: The optimal bait station was a wax matrix incorporated with 1% spinetoram, 1% yellow pigment, and 3% ammonium acetate, and was spherical in shape with a 6 cm diameter. The longevity of this bait station was at least 10 weeks under field conditions. In a release and recapture experiment performed in Orchard 1, the bait stations were as effective as bait spray in controlling sterile fly populations, and more effective than the control. In a 2-year field trial conducted in Orchard 2, the number of female B. dorsalis and fruit infestation in the area where bait stations had been deployed was similar to the areas treated with cover spray. In Orchard 3, deployment of bait stations combined with chemical cover spray treatment decreased the population of female B. dorsalis and fruit damage more effectively than cover spray alone. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, wax-based bait stations can be regarded as a viable alternative to insecticides or a synergistic method for managing B. dorsalis.

Toxicity of Some Essential Oils Constituents against Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

“…Carvacrol significantly reduced the adult emergence rate in Musca domestica in contact toxicity assays [ 50 ]. On the other hand, the fumigant and larval toxicities of essential oils and their compounds were much lower compared to phosphine against B. tau (LD 50 = 0.40 μg/insect) [ 51 ] and Emamectin benzoate (LC 50 = 0.943 mg/L) [ 52 ] or Spinetoram ( F 4,20 = 67.569, p < 0.01) against C. capitata [ 53 ] in positive control.…”

The gut bacterium Serratia marcescens mediates detoxification of organophosphate pesticide in Riptortus pedestris by microbial degradation

“…Organophosphorus pesticides have significantly controlled agricultural pests and diseases due to their specificity, broad‐spectrum applicability and high efficiency in target organisms (Kaushal et al, 2021; Ndiath, 2019; Zheng et al, 2020). However, the continuous insecticide application has frequently raised environmental problems and developed insecticide resistance to insect pests (Horowitz et al, 2020; Kueh Tai et al, 2022; Lin et al, 2022; Lokeshwari et al, 2016). The thickening or alteration of the cuticle composition, improved drug excretion and mutation of insecticide target sites contribute to increased insect pesticide resistance (Balabanidou et al, 2018; Casida & Durkin, 2013; Wan et al, 2022).…”