Efficiency and Emissions Characteristics of an HCCI Engine Fueled by Primary Reference Fuels

Yang, Ruinan; Hariharan, Deivanayagam; Zilg, Steven; Lawler, Benjamin; Mamalis, Sotirios

doi:10.4271/2018-01-1255

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Therefore, in the locally cold regions, ethanol undergoes no chemical reactions and exits the cylinder as uHC emissions without producing CO emissions. This result agrees well with the finding of Yang et al, 52 which showed that the uHC emissions in LTC are a strong function of the fuels resistance to autoignition, whereas the CO emissions in LTC are a strong function of the peak bulk temperature.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

A split injection of wet ethanol to enable thermally stratified compression ignition

Gainey

Hariharan

Yan

et al. 2018

International Journal of Engine Research

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Thermally stratified compression ignition is a new advanced, low-temperature combustion mode that aims to control the heat release process in a lean, premixed, compression ignition combustion mode by controlling the level of thermal stratification in the cylinder. Specifically, this work uses a mixture of 80% ethanol and 20% water by mass, referred to as “wet ethanol” herein, to increase thermal stratification via evaporative cooling of areas targeted by an injection event during the compression stroke. The experiments conducted aim to both fundamentally understand the effect that a late cycle injection of wet ethanol has on the heat release process, and to use that effect to explore the high-load limit of thermally stratified compression ignition with wet ethanol. At an equivalence ratio of 0.5, injecting just 8% of the fuel during the compression stroke was shown to reduce the peak heat release rate by a factor of 2, subsequently avoiding excessive pressure rise rates. Under pure homogeneous charge compression ignition using wet ethanol as the fuel, the load range was found to be 2.5–3.9 bar gross indicated mean effective pressure. Using a split injection of wet ethanol, the high-load limit was extended to 7.0 bar gross indicated mean effective pressure under naturally aspirated conditions. Finally, intake boost was used to achieve high-load operation with low NOx (oxides of nitrogen (NO or NO2)) emissions and was shown to further increase the high-load limit to 7.6 bar gross indicated mean effective pressure at an intake pressure of 1.43 bar. These results show the ability of a split injection of wet ethanol to successfully control the heat release process and expand the operable load range in low-temperature combustion.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

A split injection of wet ethanol to enable thermally stratified compression ignition

Gainey

Hariharan

Yan

et al. 2018

International Journal of Engine Research

Self Cite

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“…By this software, engine models can be built very close to reality. Seldon et al, 32 Wang et al, 33 Yang et al, 34 Rahimi-Gorji et al, 35 and Kassa et al 36 developed a GT-SUITE model in their study to simulate the engine, and most of them used the experimental data to validate against the 1D model. Besides, the main obstacle of engine modeling is to acquire essential and fundamental data from the engine such as engine configuration setup, fuel specifications, and geometrical parameters completely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical study of hydrogen addition on the performance and emission characteristics of compressed natural gas spark-ignition engine using response surface methodology and multi-objective desirability approach

Boodaghi

Etghani

Sedighi

2020

International Journal of Engine Research

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Today, the demand for higher output efficiencies, lower fuel consumption, and ever reduced emissions has been rising. Due to its availability, one promising alternative is the applying of hydrogen in internal combustion engines. In this study, the initial efforts concentrated on combine relationships of input and output parameters of hydrogen compressed natural gas spark-ignition engine. The quadratic regression models were conducted for all six responses: torque, carbon monoxide, brake-specific fuel consumption, methane, nitrogen oxides, and total hydrocarbon through response surface methodology and tested for adequacy by analysis of variance. The multi-objective desirability approach employed for the optimization of input variables, namely, the hydrogen compressed natural gas ratio, excess air ratio ( λ), and ignition timing ( θi). Also, two factors, that is, manifold absolute pressure and engine speed, were fixed at 105 kPa and 1600 r/min, respectively. Results indicate that the optimal independent input factors are equal to λ of 1.178, hydrogen compressed natural gas ratio of 25.98%, and θi of 18 °CA before top dead center. Also, the optimal combination of responses is as follows: brake-specific fuel consumption of 219.334 g/kWh, the torque of 395 N m, 30.189 g/kWh for nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide equal to 5.093 g/kWh, total hydrocarbon of 0.633 g/kWh, and 0.572 g/kWh for methane. This study provided the significance of response surface methodology as an attractive technique for investigators for modeling. In this regard, the response surface methodology modeling and multi-objective desirability approach can be utilized to predict the emission and performance characteristics of the hydrogen compressed natural gas engines minutely.

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“…The peak bulk temperature has the same trend as the combustion efficiency, because the two are related. The combustion efficiency, specifically the conversion of CO to CO 2 , mainly depends on the peak bulk temperature [37]. As the start of injection advances, the start of combustion retards because there are fewer locally diesel-rich areas to facilitate early combustion due to an increase in mixing time, thereby retarding combustion phasing and elongating the burn duration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of the Effect of Start of Injection and Blend Ratio on Single Fuel Reformate RCCI

Hariharan

Gainey

Yan

et al. 2020

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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A new concept of single-fuel RCCI has been proposed through the catalytic partial oxidation reformation of diesel fuel. The reformed fuel mixture is then used as the low reactivity fuel and diesel itself is used as the high reactivity fuel. In this paper, two selected reformates mixture from the reformation of diesel were selected for further analysis. Each reformate fuel mixture contained a significant fraction of inert gases (89% and 81%). The effects of the difference in the molar concentrations of the reformate mixtures were studied by experimenting with diesel as the direct injected fuel in RCCI over a varying start of injection timings and different blend ratios (i.e., the fraction of low and high reactivities fuels). The reformate mixture with the lower inert gas concentration had earlier combustion phasing and shorter combustion duration at any given diesel start of injection timing. The higher reactivity separation between reformate mixture and diesel, compared with gasoline and diesel, causes the combustion phasing of reformate-diesel RCCI to be more sensitive to the start of injection timing. The maximum combustion efficiency was found at a CA50 before TDC, whereas the maximum thermal efficiency occurs at a CA50 after TDC. The range of energy-based blend ratios in which reformate-diesel RCCI is possible is between 25% and 45%, limited by ringing intensity (RI) at the low limit of blend ratios, and COV of IMEP and combustion efficiency at the high limit.

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Efficiency and Emissions Characteristics of an HCCI Engine Fueled by Primary Reference Fuels

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

A split injection of wet ethanol to enable thermally stratified compression ignition

A split injection of wet ethanol to enable thermally stratified compression ignition

Numerical study of hydrogen addition on the performance and emission characteristics of compressed natural gas spark-ignition engine using response surface methodology and multi-objective desirability approach

Experimental Study of the Effect of Start of Injection and Blend Ratio on Single Fuel Reformate RCCI

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