Efficiency and stability enhancement of inverted perovskite solar cells via the addition of metal nanoparticles in the hole transport layer

Kakavelakis, George; Alexaki, Konstantina; Stratakis, Emmanuel; Kymakis, Emmanuel

doi:10.1039/c7ra00274b

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…In organic optoelectronic devices such as OPVs and OLEDs, the photostability can be greatly enhanced by introducing metal nanoparticles (NPs) into the active layer . Sygletou et al reported that active materials mixed with surfactant‐free Al NPs can enhance the stability of BHJ OPV devices .…”

Section: Approaches To Overcome the Instability Caused By Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Environmentally Robust Organic Electronics: Approaches and Applications

et al. 2017

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Recent interest in flexible electronics has led to a paradigm shift in consumer electronics, and the emergent development of stretchable and wearable electronics is opening a new spectrum of ubiquitous applications for electronics. Organic electronic materials, such as π-conjugated small molecules and polymers, are highly suitable for use in low-cost wearable electronic devices, and their charge-carrier mobilities have now exceeded that of amorphous silicon. However, their commercialization is minimal, mainly because of weaknesses in terms of operational stability, long-term stability under ambient conditions, and chemical stability related to fabrication processes. Recently, however, many attempts have been made to overcome such instabilities of organic electronic materials. Here, an overview is provided of the strategies developed for environmentally robust organic electronics to overcome the detrimental effects of various critical factors such as oxygen, water, chemicals, heat, and light. Additionally, molecular design approaches to π-conjugated small molecules and polymers that are highly stable under ambient and harsh conditions are explored; such materials will circumvent the need for encapsulation and provide a greater degree of freedom using simple solution-based device-fabrication techniques. Applications that are made possible through these strategies are highlighted.

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Section: Approaches To Overcome the Instability Caused By Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Environmentally Robust Organic Electronics: Approaches and Applications

et al. 2017

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“…Due to the manufacturing procedure of the inverted PSC, the embedding of solution-processed metallic nanoparticles at different layers of the device other than the perovskite, e.g. inside the PEDOT:PSS and the PCBM carrier transporting layers, is possible without increasing the cost [16] as well as maintaining the planar architecture [29]. This way, plasmonic enhancement could be exploited without reducing the perovskite material, albeit at the price of reduced local field enhancement in the absorbing perovskite layer.…”

Section: Plasmonic Nanoparticles Inside Different Than the Perovskitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Employing this approach allows employment of thinner perovskite layers, and thus reduction of the structure toxicity, without scarifying the PSC performance. Placing nanoparticles in PEDOT:PSS is considered a reliable strategy regarding the enhancement of the overall efficiency of the solar cell since studies have been shown it to favor the electrical properties of the system too [16], [29].…”

Section: Plasmonic Nanoparticles Inside Different Than the Perovskitementioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient and environmental-friendly perovskite solar cells via embedding plasmonic nanoparticles: an optical simulation study on realistic device architectures

Perrakis¹,

Kakavelakis²,

Kenanakis³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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Solution-processed, lead halide-based perovskite solar cells have overcome important challenges over the recent years, offering low-cost and high solar power conversion efficiencies. However, they still undergo unoptimized light collection due mainly to the thin (~350 nm) polycrystalline absorber layers. Moreover, their high toxicity (due to the presence of lead in the perovskite crystalline structure) makes it necessary that the thickness of the absorber layers to be further reduced, for their future commercialization, without reducing the device performance. Here we aim to address these issues via embedding spherical plasmonic nanoparticles of various sizes, composition, concentrations, and vertical positions, for the first time in realistic halide-based perovskite solar cells architecture, and to clarify their effect on the absorption properties and enhancement. We theoretically show that plasmon-enhanced near-field effects and scattering leads to a device photocurrent enhancement of up to ~7.3% when silver spheres are embedded inside the perovskite layer. Interestingly, the combination of silver spheres in perovskite and aluminum spheres inside the hole transporting layer (PEDOT:PSS) of the solar cell leads to an even further enhancement, of up to ~12%. This approach allows the employment of much thinner perovskite layers in PSCs (up to 150 nm) to reach the same photocurrent as the nanoparticles-free device and reducing thus significantly the toxicity of the device. Providing the requirements related to the size, shape, position, composition, and concentration of nanoparticles for the PSCs photocurrent enhancement, our study establishes guidelines for a future development of highly-efficient, environmentally friendly and low-cost plasmonic perovskite solar cells.

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“…The highest PCE reported thus far for the perovskite solar cells is 22.1%, and the cost of perovskite solar cell can be lower than that of the traditional energy sources . In terms of device fabrication, highly crystalline perovskite thin films can be prepared via solution process, such as printing or coating procedure, which are considered as simple and economical mass production procedures. High vacuum‐based thermal evaporation is typically used to deposit the metal electrode for the perovskite solar cells, which tends to be the bottom neck for the mass production of perovskite solar cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Solution‐Processed Semi‐Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells With Ink‐Jet Printed Silver Nanowires Top Electrode

et al. 2018

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Owing to the sensitivity of the perovskite thin film to solvent, preparation of metal top electrode by solution process is of great challenging. This is the key technology for the realization of fully solution processed perovskite solar cells. In this paper, we report the preparation of transparent silver nanowires (AgNW) top electrode for perovskite solar cells using inkjet printing process. Experiment results demonstrate that low device performance with low fill factor was obtained when the AgNW is directly printed onto the PC61BM layer. This is ascribed to the mismatched work functions of the AgNW electrode and PC61BM layer, and the solvent assisted chemical corrosion of the AgNW electrode by halogen anions. By inserting a thin layer of polyethylenimine (PEI), the charge injection barrier between PC61BM and AgNW electrode was minimized. More importantly, such a thin PEI layer suppresses the chemical corrosion of AgNW electrode during printing, yielding a condensed and uniform AgNW networks. The introduction of a thin PEI layer greatly improves the device performance and stability. A high power conversion efficiency of 14.17% with an averaged light transmittance of 21.2% was achieved for the PEI/AgNW cells. In addition, improved performance stability was measured for the PEI/AgNW cells.

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Efficiency and stability enhancement of inverted perovskite solar cells via the addition of metal nanoparticles in the hole transport layer

Abstract: Inverted perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency and stability are fabricated based on a nanoparticles doped hole transport layer.

Cited by 42 publications

References 31 publications

Toward Environmentally Robust Organic Electronics: Approaches and Applications

Toward Environmentally Robust Organic Electronics: Approaches and Applications

Efficient and environmental-friendly perovskite solar cells via embedding plasmonic nanoparticles: an optical simulation study on realistic device architectures

Fully Solution‐Processed Semi‐Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells With Ink‐Jet Printed Silver Nanowires Top Electrode

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