Efficiency improvement and spectral shift of an organic light-emitting device by attaching a hexagon-based microlens array

Wei, Mao‐Kuo; Lee, Jiun-Haw; Lin, Hoang‐Yan; Ho, Yu‐Hsuan; Chen, Kuan‐Yu; Lin, Ciao-Ci; Wu, Chiung‐Jen; Lin, Hung‐Yi; Tsai, Jen-Hui; Wu, Tung‐Chuan

doi:10.1088/1464-4258/10/5/055302

Cited by 44 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…12) [99]. Hexagonal MLAs have a high fill factor and are readily prepared on a semicircular surface, making them ideal structures for high output coupling efficiency [100][101][102].…”

Section: Light Source Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication, characterization, and applications of microlenses

et al. 2015

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Microlenses (MLs) and microlens arrays (MLAs) are assuming an increasingly important role in optical devices. In response to this rapid evolution in technology, emphasis is being placed on research into new manufacturing methods for these devices as well as the characterization of their performance. This paper provides an overview of the fabrication of MLs and MLAs by electrical, mechanical, chemical, and optical methods. As each processing method has distinct advantages and limitations, the most significant characteristic parameters and the measurement of these parameters are discussed for each method. These parameters are then used as indices to evaluate and improve each of the processing methods. Some examples of practical applications of MLAs, especially for micromechanical optoelectronic devices, are also given. This paper aims to summarize the present development and the state of the art in processing technology of MLs and MLAs.

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“…12) [99]. Hexagonal MLAs have a high fill factor and are readily prepared on a semicircular surface, making them ideal structures for high output coupling efficiency [100][101][102].…”

Section: Light Source Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication, characterization, and applications of microlenses

et al. 2015

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“…For example the thermal reflow process is widely used for generating arrays of microlenses [1]- [3]. Other processes are diffuser lithography [4], UV imprint lithography [5,6], ink-jet printing [7] or solvent droplet for forming master structures [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Free surface shaping to generate lenses is described for example in [7] and [9]. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used for generation of moulding forms [1,3,10] or as material for lenses [1,4,11]. Adhesives and especially UVcuring adhesives are widely used for fabrication or replication of optical elements [5]- [7], [9]- [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of adhesive lenses using free surface shaping

Hoheisel¹,

Kelb²,

Wall³

et al. 2013

J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid Publ.

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Two approaches for fabricating polymer lenses are presented in this paper. Both are based on filling circular holes with UV curing adhesives. Initially, the viscous adhesive material creates a liquid and spherical free surface due to its own surface tension. This shape is then preserved by curing with UV-hardening light. For the first approach, the holes are generated in a 4 inch Si-wafer by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) and for the second, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mould is manufactured. Three types of UV-curing adhesives are investigated (NOA 61, NOA 88 and NEA 121 by Norland Products). Preliminary to the determination of the lens curvature, a contact angle goniometer is used for taking side view images of the lenses. The radius of curvature is then extracted via image processing with the software MATLAB®. Furthermore, the surface roughness of the PDMS mould and the generated lenses is measured with a white light interferometer to characterize the casting process. The resolution power of the generated lenses is evaluated by measurement of their point spread functions (psf) and modulation transfer functions (mtf), respectively.

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“…Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a suitable material for a mold with ultraviolet (UV)-cured process to replicate the MLA [6,7]. With those processes, MLA is a cheap, mass production and well-design optical unit, and can supply several optical effects [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%