Efficiency in Private International Law

Kono, Toshiyuki

doi:10.1163/9789004285088

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The OH emission and N 2 second positive system were used to estimate the gas temperature T g of plasmas as previously described. 29,49,50,57) In Fig. 3(b), the measured spectrum of the µm-jet is shown with the theoretical fit, which was provided by the simulated spectrum of OH radicals at the rotational temperature T R .…”

Section: Appj Electrical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[47][48][49] The measured OH radical spectra were fitted to the calculated spectra to obtain the rotational temperature T R using an algorithm developed by Professor Akihiko Kono of Nagoya University. 50) The measured spectra of the N 2 second positive (C 3 Π u -B 3 Π g ) were fitted to the calculated spectra to obtain the vibrational temperature T v and the rotational temperature T r using an algorithm developed at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. 51,52)…”

Section: Appj Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of plasma jet diameter on the efficiency of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation in water

Kakuta

Furuta

et al. 2016

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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The plasma jet generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in solution is important in biology, medicine, and disinfection. Studies using a wide variety of plasma jet devices have been carried out for this purpose, making it difficult to compare the performance between devices. In this study, we compared the efficiency of RONS generation in deionized (DI) water between 3.7-mm-and 800-µm-sized helium (He) plasma jets (hereafter mm-jet and µm-jet, respectively) at different treatment distances and times. The efficiency of RONS generation was determined by considering the total amount of RONS generated in DI water with respect to the input energy and gas consumption. We found that the mm-jet generated 20% more RONS in the DI water than the µm-jet at the optimized distance. However, when the input power and He gas consumption were taken into account, we discovered that the µm-jet was 5 times more efficient in generating RONS in the DI water. Under the parameters investigated in this study, the concentration of RONS continued to increase as a function of treatment time (up to 30 min). However treatment distance had a marked effect on the efficiency of RONS generation: treatment distances of 25 and 30 mm were optimal for the mm-jet and µm-jet, respectively. Our method of comparing the efficiency of RONS generation in solution between plasma jets could be used as a reference protocol for the development of efficient plasma jet sources for use in medicine, biology, and agriculture.

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Section: Appj Electrical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appj Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of plasma jet diameter on the efficiency of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation in water

Kakuta

Furuta

et al. 2016

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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“…This leads to demystifying the value of uniform law. Given the multipolar structure of the world, T. Kono points out, uniform Law may be inefficient whereas the application of the New Lex Mercatoria may be efficient 88 . The New Lex Mercatoria may allow the application of a regulation more in accordance with the needs of the parties or the dispute.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lex mercatoria and private international arbitration = Lex mercatoria y arbitraje privado internacional

Caravaca

González

2020

Cuad. derecho transnac.

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The “New Lex Mercatoria” is not a “legal system” or a defined set of rules, but a “method”. In this sense, the New Lex Mercatoria consists of giving authorization to the courts and/or arbitrators to assess different legal materials regulating international trade; following that, they will extract the “most appropriate rules” to solve the litigation. It is, therefore, a method to achieve adequate decisions in international trade (Method of Decision-Making). Thus, the arbitrator is prevented from applying a single national Law, which is exactly what the parties intended to avoid at all costs and the reason why they chose the New Lex Mercatoria. In other words, it can be affirmed that the methodological approach to the New Lex Mercatoria is the most operative, useful and complete, as well as the one that enables us to develop a metacriticism of the New Lex Mercatoria as a source of Law in international trade.Keywords: Arbitration, efficiency principle, general principles of Law recognized by civilized Nations, general principles of private international law, Globalization, international contracts, international trade, delocalization, mandatory rules (in international trade), New Lex Mercatoria, “Norsolor syndrome”, Private International Law, Public Policy, sources of Law, Uniform Law.Resumen: La Nueva Lex Mercatoria es un “método” y no un “ordenamiento jurídico” ni un conjunto definido de reglas. En esta acepción, la Nueva Lex Mercatoria consiste en una habilitación ofrecida a los tribunales y/o a los árbitros para que éstos valoren distintos materiales jurídicos reguladores del comercio internacional y, tras ello, extraigan las “normas más adecuadas” para solventar el litigio. Es, por tanto, un método para alcanzar decisiones adecuadas en el comercio internacional (Method of DecisionMaking). De ese modo, se evita que el árbitro acabe por aplicar una concreta Ley estatal lo que constituye, significativamente, eso mismo que la elección de la Nueva Lex Mercatoria por las partes quiere evitar a toda costa. En otras palabras, puede afirmarse que la acepción metodológica de la Nueva Lex Mercatoria es la más operativa, la más útil, la más completa y la que permite desarrollar, precisamente, una metacrítica de la Nueva Lex Mercatoria como fuente del Derecho de los negocios internacionales. Palabras clave: Arbitraje, comercio internacional, contratos internacionales, Derecho Internacional Privado, Derecho Uniforme, deslocalización, fuentes del Derecho, Globalización, normas imperativas (en el comercio internacional), Nueva Ley Mercatoria, orden público, principios generales de Derecho Internacional Privado, principios generales del Derecho reconocidos por las naciones civilizadas, “síndrome Norsolor”.

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2016

Revue Critique De Droit International Privé

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Efficiency in Private International Law

Cited by 3 publications

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Effect of plasma jet diameter on the efficiency of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation in water

Effect of plasma jet diameter on the efficiency of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation in water

Lex mercatoria and private international arbitration = Lex mercatoria y arbitraje privado internacional

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