Efficiency measurement of national innovation systems of the European Union countries: DEA model application

Abstract

This paper focuses on measuring technical efficiency of National Innovation System across a sample of the European Union (EU) countries using data envelopment analysis. We used an output-oriented constant returns to scale model to calculate the efficiency of the units represented by the European Union countries. This nonparametric method measures efficiency of input utilisation as compared to the achieved outputs during the consumption process. Following previous studies on this topic, we have used the number of researchers and the expenditures on research and development (R&D) as inputs and published scientific journal articles and applied patents as outputs of the model. Stemming from the available data, we have covered the period of 2005-2016. This period covers the economic period before the financial crisis and economic recession in which it was necessary to use resources effectively for the maximisation of final production. The study also presents data representing the era of growth trend in European economy. The only efficient countries in our study as of 2016 were found to be Cyprus, Luxembourg, Malta, and Romania. The number of efficient units decreased from six countries measured in 2005 from among the eight calculated in the years of the economic crisis to four efficient decision-making units (DMUs) in 2015. Germany, the best performer in the European Union with respect to patent rankings, was classified

European Union Innovation Efficiency Assessment Based on Data Envelopment Analysis

“…If the European region is considered, there were multiple attempts to evaluate the efficiency of innovation by employing DEA (e.g., Kalapouti et al 2020;Anderson and Stejskal 2019;Dzemydait ė et al 2016;Juřičková et al 2019;Xu et al 2023;Gavurová et al 2019). However, different angles of approach to the same object were chosen.…”

Determining the key factors of the innovation gap between EU countries

“…As for the EU, it is necessary and appropriate to compare the NIS between member states to understand the correlation, state, and assessment of the dynamics of development of the innovation systems of the member states, and to determine the directions of their effective interaction (mutual complementation). The innovation performance of the EU and other global players can also be compared to position them competitively, set benchmarks and build up certain parameters to overcome Europe's lagging behind (Jurickova et al, 2019).…”

Assessment of the Economic Efficiency of Energy Development in the Industrial Sector of the European Union Area Countries

“…In all cases, efficiency is understood as the result of using available, limited resources. It can be measured by gross or net result indicators and multifactor or partial results [24,25], which is important to understand with regards to the links with the connected results, such as economic growth [26][27][28] and country competitiveness increase due to the efficient energy use [29].…”