Efficiency of a constructed wetland in removing contaminants from stormwater

Birch, G.F.; Matthai, C.; Fazeli, M. S.; Suh, Jeong Yul

doi:10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0459:eoacwi]2.0.co;2

Cited by 126 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In terms of impact on results, the exclusion of SS represents a conservative scientific approach in that SS mobilized by stormwater in Sydney is known to contain a variable proportion of zeolite, which would be likely to improve removal efficiency for cations in the field units [32].…”

Section: Synthetic Stormwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution Removal Performance of Laboratory Simulations of Sydney’s Street Stormwater Biofilters

Macnamara

Derry

2017

Water

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Abstract:The City of Sydney is constructing more than 21,000 square metres of street biofilter units (raingardens) in terms of their Decentralised Water Master Plan (DWMP), for improving the quality of stormwater runoff to Port Jackson, the Cooks River, and the historical Botany Bay. Recharge of the Botany Sand Beds aquifer, currently undergoing remediation by extraction of industrial chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants, is also envisaged. To anticipate the pollution removal efficiency of field biofilter designs, laboratory soil-column simulations were developed by Western Sydney University partnered with the City. Synthetic stormwater containing stoichiometric amounts of high-solubility pollutant salts in deionised water was passed through 104 mm columns that were layered to simulate monophasic and biphasic field designs. Both designs met the City's improvement targets for total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), with >65% median removal efficiency. Prolonged release of total suspended solids (SS) on startup emphasised the need for specifications and testing of proprietary fills. Median removal efficiency for selected heavy metal ecotoxicants was >75%. The researchers suggested that Zinc be added to the targets as proxy for metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and oils/greases co-generated during road use. Simulation results suggested that field units will play an important role in meeting regional stormwater improvement targets.

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Section: Synthetic Stormwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution Removal Performance of Laboratory Simulations of Sydney’s Street Stormwater Biofilters

Macnamara

Derry

2017

Water

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“…Often, the use of wet ponds and constructed wetlands has been adopted as a common stormwater control measure (SCM) to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff on receiving water bodies (Vanloon et al 2000;Birch et al 2004;German and Svensson 2005). Wet ponds and constructed wetlands have been designed not only as a main treatment facility for stormwater runoff or as a regulator to control runoff peak flows and volumes (Birch et al 2004;Greenway 2004;German and Svensson 2005), but also as an integrated community facility providing an aesthetic amenity and recreational areas (Revitt et al 1999;Vanloon et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wet ponds and constructed wetlands have been designed not only as a main treatment facility for stormwater runoff or as a regulator to control runoff peak flows and volumes (Birch et al 2004;Greenway 2004;German and Svensson 2005), but also as an integrated community facility providing an aesthetic amenity and recreational areas (Revitt et al 1999;Vanloon et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have evaluated removal efficiencies of CSWs; however, great variations in removal efficiency rates have been reported (Carleton et al 2001;Braskerud 2002;Birch et al 2004;Lenhart and Hunt 2011;Merriman and Hunt, 2014). These studies found that the pollutant treatment efficiency varies significantly depending on a wide range of factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of a 19-Year Old Combined Pond-Wetland System in Removing Particulate and Dissolved Pollutants

et al. 2017

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This study monitored the stormwater runoff quantity and quality treatment performance of a 6.8 ha 19-year old combined pond-wetland system, located in south Sweden, over one year. The mean volume reductions for 53 storm events for the pond and wetland were 40% and 28%, respectively, while the mean flow reductions were 60% and 76%, respectively. Pollutant concentrations in the influent to the wetland were highly variable. The pond-wetland system could efficiently remove an average of 91%, 80%, 94%, 91%, 83% and 92% of TSS, TP, particulate Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively, whereas the removal of particulate and dissolved Ni was highly variable with an average of 67% ± 62% and −5% ± 41%, respectively. The removal of TN, NH 4 -N and NO 3 + NO 2 -N was highly variable with an average of 45% ± 27%, 12% ± 96% and 45% ± 43%, respectively. These removal percentages are high in comparison to other studies and underline that relatively old systems can also provide efficient treatment. Although the pond accounted for a substantial reduction of pollutant concentration, the wetland significantly enhanced both the treatment performance and the peak flow reduction. This underlines that a combined pond/wetland system is a more beneficial solution than a pond only. The pollutant removal efficiency was significantly influenced by some factors including Antecedent Dry Days, seasonal variations, air temperature, retention times, rainfall depth and duration, and peak rainfall intensity.

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“…They are typically covered by plants such as canna, vetiver grass, calamus, water hyacinth, and planktonic algae [5][6][7]. CWs are often used for treatment of wastewater (municipal, agricultural and industrial wastewaters, landfill leachate and stormwater runoff), a world-wide practice that makes use of the complex ecological interactions of microorganisms, substrates, plants and the percolating water [8][9][10][11]. CWs have also been used in communities to treat wastewater prior to sustainable reuse in arid countries [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Lakeside Domestic Wastewater by an Artificial Horizontal Undercurrent Wetland

Guo¹,

Liu²,

Liang³

2016

JRST

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More than 50% of pollutants found in lake waters in china are derived from rural non-point pollution sources, resulting from untreated domestic wastewater released in rivers that feed into the lakes. There is a need of cost-effective means to treat wastewater locally. To this aim, an undercurrent artificial wetland pilot system was constructed to treat domestic wastewaters of the Wucheng lakeside area. Performance of the planted wetland was assessed by measuring removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (coD), the ammonia fraction of nitrogen (nh 3 -n), total nitrogen (Tn) and total phosphorus (TP). Water samples were taken before, during and after treatment, over a period of 7 months covering autumn through early spring. The levels of dissolved oxygen (Do) were also determined. The results showed temporal variations in pollutant concentrations in the wastewater before treatment (except for coD) with higher levels in autumn. The average removal efficiencies of the determined pollutants by the artificial wetland were 42.86% for coD, 29.46% for nh 3 -n, 31.35% for Tn and 21.75% for TP. Removal rates of these pollutants were subject to minor seasonal variation. along the 20 m horizontal water flow studied, the removal rates were highest in the first section. A horizontal undercurrent artificial wetland is simple to construct, easy to manage, and with low running costs it can treat waters effectively and efficiently. To ensure efficient water purification and reach optimal water quality, the hydraulic load and DO levels should be carefully managed.

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Efficiency of a constructed wetland in removing contaminants from stormwater

Cited by 126 publications

References 18 publications

Pollution Removal Performance of Laboratory Simulations of Sydney’s Street Stormwater Biofilters

Pollution Removal Performance of Laboratory Simulations of Sydney’s Street Stormwater Biofilters

Effectiveness of a 19-Year Old Combined Pond-Wetland System in Removing Particulate and Dissolved Pollutants

Treatment of Lakeside Domestic Wastewater by an Artificial Horizontal Undercurrent Wetland

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