Efficiency of a cubic NaI(Tl) detector with rectangular cavity using standard radioactive point sources placed at non-axial position

Abbas, Mahmoud I.; Badawi, Mohamed S.; Thabet, Abouzeid A.; Kopatch, Yu. N.; Ruskov, I.; Grozdanov, D. N.; Noureddine, S.; Fedorov, N.; Gouda, Mona M.; Hramco, C.; Abd-Elzaher, Mohamed; Hamzawy, A.; Elsafi, Mohamed; El‐Khatib, Ahmed M.

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109139

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The radioactive point sources used in the detector calibration were Am-241 (59.5 keV), Cs-137 (661.7 keV), and Co-60 (1173.2 keV and 1332.5 keV). The counting time was constant and long enough to reduce the uncertainty to be 1% or less [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The used radioisotopes were purchased from Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt PTB in Braunschweig and Berlin, and the radiation parameters of radiation sources used in the present study are tabulated in Table 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potentials of Egyptian and Indian Granites for Protection of Ionizing Radiation

et al. 2021

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This paper aims to study the radiation shielding characteristics and buildup factor of some types of granite in Egypt. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) for three types of granite (gandola, white halayeb, and red aswani) was experimentally determined, and the experimental results were validated by XCOM software. The relative deviation between the two methods does not exceed 3% in all discussed granite samples, which means that MAC calculated through the experimental and XCOM are in suitable agreement. The effective atomic number (Zeff) varies from 13.64 to 10.69, 13.68 to 10.59, and 13.45 and 10.66 for gandola, white halayeb, and red aswani, respectively. As well as the equivalent atomic number (Zeq) was calculated in a wide range of energy to deduce the exposure (EBF) and energy absorption (EABF) buildup factors for the studied granite materials. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP) were calculated at each investigated energy and showed that the most effective shielding ability at high energy was red aswani, while at low energy, the shielding ability was nearly constant for studied granites. The present study forms the first endeavor to obtain the radiation shielding properties of the studied materials to be used in practical applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potentials of Egyptian and Indian Granites for Protection of Ionizing Radiation

et al. 2021

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“…For this purpose, the Gaussian distribution of the parameters (standard deviation σ and mean x) obtained from the analytical data was utilized to the deposition energy E 0 [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. First, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) on the energy deposited (E 0 ) was evaluated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma-Ray Attenuation and Exposure Buildup Factor of Novel Polymers in Shielding Using Geant4 Simulation

et al. 2021

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Polymers are often used in medical applications, therefore, some novel polymers and their interactions with photons have been studied. The gamma-ray shielding parameters for Polymethylpentene (PMP), Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), Polyoxymethylene (POM), Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), and Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymers were determined using the Geant4 simulation and discussed in the current work. The mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) were simulated at low and high energies between 0.059 and 1.408 MeV using different radionuclides. The accuracy of the Geant4 simulated results were checked with the XCOM software. The two different methods had good agreement with each other. Exposure buildup factor (EBF) was calculated and discussed in terms of polymers under study and photon energy. Effective atomic number (Zeff) and electron density (Neff) were calculated and analyzed at different energies. Additionally, the half-value layer (HVL) of the polymers was evaluated, and the results of this parameter showed that PCTFE had the highest probability of interaction with gamma photons compared to those of the other tested polymers.

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“…The narrow beam method was used in measurements by the lead collimator. The detector first was calibrated and the background was measured using Genei 2000 software (V3.3, Mirion Technologies (Canberra), Inc., Canberra, Australia) [ 29 ]. The measurement occurred within and outside the glass sample with different sources to obtain the net peak area or the count rate of the line which represent the intensity of this line.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Theoretical Study of Radiation Shielding Features of CaO-K2O-Na2O-P2O5 Glass Systems

et al. 2021

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The gamma radiation shielding ability for CaO-K2O-Na2O-P2O5 glasses were experimentally determined between 0.0595 and 1.41 MeV. The experimental MAC results were compared with theoretical results obtained from the XCOM software to test the accuracy of the experimental values. Additionally, the effect of increasing the P2O5 in the glass composition, or reducing the Na2O content, was evaluated at varying energies. For the fabricated glasses, the experimental data strongly agreed with the XCOM results. The effective atomic number (Zeff) of the fabricated glasses was also determined. The Zeff values start out at their maximum (12.41–12.55) at the lowest tested energy, 0.0595 MeV, and decrease to 10.69–10.80 at 0.245 MeV. As energy further increases, the Zeff values remain almost constant between 0.344 and 1.41 MeV. The mean free path (MFP) of the fabricated glasses is investigated and we found that the lowest MFP value occurs at the lowest tested energy, 0.0595 MeV, and lies within the range of 1.382–1.486 cm, while the greatest MFP can be found at the highest tested energy, 1.41 MeV, within the range of 8.121–8.656 cm. At all energies, the KCNP40 sample has the lowest MFP, while the KCNP60 sample has the greatest. The half value layer (HVL) for the KCNP-X glasses is determined. For all the selected energies, the HVL values follow the order of KCNP40 < KCNP45 < KCNP50 < KCNP55 < KCNP60. The HVL of the KCNP50 sample increased from 0.996 to 2.663, 3.392, 4.351, and 5.169 cm for energies of 0.0595, 0.245, 0.444, 0.779, and 1.11 MeV, respectively. The radiation protection efficiency (RPE) results reveal that decreasing the P2O5 content in the glasses improves the radiation shielding ability of the samples. Thus, the KCNP40 sample has the best potential for photon attenuation applications.

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Efficiency of a cubic NaI(Tl) detector with rectangular cavity using standard radioactive point sources placed at non-axial position

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

The Potentials of Egyptian and Indian Granites for Protection of Ionizing Radiation

The Potentials of Egyptian and Indian Granites for Protection of Ionizing Radiation

Gamma-Ray Attenuation and Exposure Buildup Factor of Novel Polymers in Shielding Using Geant4 Simulation

Experimental and Theoretical Study of Radiation Shielding Features of CaO-K2O-Na2O-P2O5 Glass Systems

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