Efficiency of Aluminium Pillared Montmorillonite Clays of Pakistani Origin (Peshawar And Samwal) on the Adsorption of Chromium Ions in Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

Adsorption of Chromium ions on Aluminium Pillared Interlayered Clays (Al-PILC) prepared from Bentonites originating from Pakistani sources of Peshawar and Samwal was investigated in a batch system. The raw clays were purified and chemically converted into Na-Bentonite. Pillaring procedure was performed on Na-Bentonite with pillaring oligomer solution to prepare Al-PILC. Both Raw and Al-PILC forms of Peshawar and Samwal clays were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction and Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) analysis before conducting adsorption studies. The effects of factors like adsorbent quantity, the concentration of adsorbate, pH and temperature were analyzed. Highly efficient adsorption of chromium ions in solution was achieved by Al-PILC. Based on the overall results of percentage removal of chromium ions in solution and in view of efficiency, simplicity, low cost, and reliability, Al-PILCs can provide a promising intervention for the elimination and control of environmental hazards associated with chromium pollution generated from leather industries in Pakistan.

Pillared Bentonite Materials as Potential Solid Acid Catalyst for Diethyl Ether Synthesis: A Brief Review

“…Metal polyhydroxy cation-pillared bentonites, such as Al, Ti, and Fe, show higher thermal stability than organic cation-pillared bentonites. 26) Several metals have been investigated for their potential as pillar agents, such as Al-PILC, 28,31,49) Zr-PILC, 14,26,34,46,[51][52][53][54] Ti-PILC, 45,49,56) Mo-PILC, 57) and Cr-PILC. 30,58) In current developments, researchers are beginning to explore the use of combined metal oxide pillars to enhance surface properties and acidity in bentonite, including Al/Zr-PILC, 19,45) Al/Fe-PILC, 47,59) Al/ Co-PILC, 22) Al/Cr-PILC, 30) Al/Fe/Ni-PILC, 60) Fe/Cr-PILC, 58) Ni/Zr-PILC, 61) Mg/Al-PILC.…”

“…19,20) Bentonite possesses unique physicochemical characteristics, such as good adsorption capacity for both inorganic and organic substances, large specific surface area, high porosity, and high cation exchange capacity. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] It also has expandable interlayer spaces, high acidity, and pore sizes that can be modified into micropores and mesopores. 26) Pillared bentonite is a promising choice for catalyst support, given its molecular sieve properties and ability to resist sheet deformation even at elevated temperatures.…”

“…[21][22][23][24][25][26][27] It also has expandable interlayer spaces, high acidity, and pore sizes that can be modified into micropores and mesopores. 26) Pillared bentonite is a promising choice for catalyst support, given its molecular sieve properties and ability to resist sheet deformation even at elevated temperatures. 28) Pillarization is one of the techniques for modifying clay to enhance catalytic activity and thermal stability in bentonite.…”

“…Therefore, pillared bentonite is widely applicable in catalysis and adsorption. 26) In the past decade, pillared bentonite has emerged as a promising catalyst material due to its low cost, high catalytic activity, resistance to leaching, and environmental friendliness, 29,30) including acetic acid esterification, 31) CO gas oxidation, 28) acid-catalyzed hydroxylation of phenol, 32) transesterification reactions for biodiesel synthesis, 33) and hydrocracking of fresh and waste cooking oil into biogasoline. 34) However, fewer studies have used pillared bentonite as a solid catalyst in diethyl ether production.…”

Effectiveness of Hydrochloric Acid Activated Bentonite in Local Salt Purification

“…Because of its distinctive physicochemical properties, bentonite is an effective adsorbent for a variety of pollutants. These properties include low permeability, low cost, strong absorptive affinity with inorganic and organic substances, large specific surface, high porosity, and high cation exchange capacity (Liu et al, 2018); (Uddin, 2017); (Ayub and Chaudhry, 2021); (Barakan and Aghazadeh, 2021); (Belousov et al, 2019), good adsorption capacity, expansible interlayer space, flexible, and tunable acidity (Liu et al, 2018), and micro and mesoporous particles.…”