“…We are interested in the performance of the AI methods (ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4 1 ), i.e., whether they can compete with the commonly used human assessment of central bank communication. 2 For this reason, we use the rich dataset of 1769 communication events of the ECB's Governing Council members in 2008-2016 from Gertler and Horvath (2018) and Bennani et al (2020). Using this dataset, we construct the indicator evaluating the content of communication events, more specifically, whether the ECB communication is leaning towards tightening, easing or maintaining the monetary policy stance.…”