Efficiency of live attenuated and inactivated rabies viruses in prophylactic and post exposure vaccination against the street virus strain

Abstract

Summary. -Rabies remains an enigmatic and widely discussed global infectious disease and causes an increasing number of deaths. The currently used highly effective prophylactic and post exposure (p.e.) vaccination depends solely upon inexpensive, effective and safe vaccines to counteract the spread of the disease. In this study, the potential of an attenuated Chinese rabies vaccine (SRV9) strain in prophylactic and p.e. vaccination against the street strain of rabies virus (RV) was evaluated in mice. Prophylactic vaccination consisting of one intramuscular (i.m.) dose of SRV9 protected 100% of mice from intracerebral (i.c.) challenge with a lethal dose of the street virus. The latter was detected in the brain of mice at day 6 post challenge by RT-PCR. Post exposure vaccination was performed at days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 post infection (p.i.) with either SRV9 or inactivated rabies vaccine. The survival rates after i.m. inoculation of SRV9 at the indicated days were 70%, 50%, 30%, 20%, 10%, and 0%, respectively; the corresponding survival rates for the inactivated rabies vaccine were 30%, 20%, 10%, 0%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. However, 100%, 90%, 70%, 50%, 20%, 10%, and 10% of mice survived after i.c. inoculation of SRV9 at the indicated days. The increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the infiltration of CD19+ B cells into the central nervous system after i.c. inoculation of SRV9 are regarded as prerequisites for the clearance of the street virus. The obtained data suggest that SRV9 is a promising candidate for prophylactic and p.e. vaccination against rabies infection and that it exhibits a potential for the control of rabies in China.Keywords: attenuated rabies vaccine; inactivated rabies vaccine; post exposure vaccination * Corresponding author. E-mail: zhrei98@163.com; phone: +86-15044130833. The first three authors contributed equally to this work. Abbreviations: BBB = blood-brain barrier; CNS = central nervous system; i.c. = intracerebral(ly); i.m. = intramuscular(ly); p.i. = post inoculation/infection; p.e. = post exposure; PEP = post exposure prophylaxis; PrEP = pre exposure prophylaxis; RV = rabies virus

Successful strategies implemented towards the elimination of canine rabies in the Western Hemisphere

“…What these new generation vaccines are pursuing is a drastic reduction in production and delivery costs (for their single dose efficacy) as well as making more affordable, accessible and efficient dog population control. More investment, research and policy changes are needed to make feasible the application of these novel tools ( Huang et al, 2015 ; Li et al, 2012 ; Wu et al, 2009 ).…”

Characterisation of a Live-Attenuated Rabies Virus Expressing a Secreted scFv for the Treatment of Rabies

“…While the majority of novel LAVVs have been assessed as PrEP vaccination alternatives, some have been evaluated for their ability to prevent mortality if given as a post-infection treatment. LAVVs that have been investigated in this regard include TriGAS (also known as SPBAANGAS-GAS-GAS) [ 37 ], SRV9 [ 38 , 39 ], or a GM-CSF expressing LBNSE rabies virus vector [ 40 ]. These were all effective in preventing mortality in a minimum of 20% of mice lethally challenged peripherally with rabies virus.…”

Epitope-Based Peptide prediction of vaccine against European bat lyssaviruses type 2 Glycoprotein G with Immunoinformatic Approach

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