Efficiency of Plasma Gasification Technologies for Hazardous Waste Treatment

Zhovtyansky, V.A.; Valincius, Vitas

doi:10.5772/intechopen.74485

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(45 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2024, 14, 4801 3 of 14 stored in landfills or used as a secondary raw material in production. Vitrification using plasma pyrolysis has been found to reduce environmental costs [1][2][3][28][29][30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An Investigation of Fly Ash and Slag Processing and Fiber Production Using Plasma Technology

Kavaliauskas,

Kėželis,

Grigaitienė

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As the world’s population grows and resource consumption rises, there will be an increase in household waste and, consequently, the fly ash and slag from after the incineration of this waste need to be properly recycled or used as secondary raw materials in other industries. The authors of this work propose an innovative technology that has not yet been studied much in the literature; the obtained slag and fly ash are processed by plasma technology, and from those, fiber is formed. As shown by SEM studies, the raw material (before plasma–chemical treatment) consists of irregularly shaped granules or rod-shaped microforms. EDS studies show that both the original material and the products obtained after plasma–chemical processing are composed of various metal elements, but they make up a significantly small part, as the predominant elements are C, O, Cl, Si, and Ca. BET studies show that when the fiber is obtained with a plasma torch power of 55.5; 55.6 and 74 kW, respectively, the specific surface area is 11.9; 8.5 and 3 m2/g. It is worth noting that the raw material obtained after plasma–chemical processing is sufficiently clean and harmless to the environment, so it can be used as a secondary raw material, e.g., for the production of thermal insulation, in the production of catalysts, as a component in the production of concrete, or in other industries.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such compounds are stable, so their impact on the environment is imperceptible, and they can be safely stored in landfills or used as a secondary raw material in production. Vitrification using plasma pyrolysis has been found to reduce environmental costs [1][2][3][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Fly Ash and Slag Processing and Fiber Production Using Plasma Technology

Kavaliauskas,

Kėželis,

Grigaitienė

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Zhovtyansky and Valinčius [96] have done an extensive study on plasma gasification of waste and concluded it to be a commercially viable alternative based on the ecological benefits it possesses and the total energy efficiency of the system. Plasma gasification is highly efficient in treating hazardous waste, with an efficiency of 99.9%.…”

Section: Plasma Gasification Treatment Of Biomedical Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of the application of plasma gasification technology in circumventing the medical waste in a post-COVID-19 scenario

Kaushal

Rohit

Dhaka

2022

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The recent COVID-19 pandemic, which has hit the world, is third in the last two decades. The safety and precaution measures have led to the generation of a colossal pile of biomedical waste, including plastic waste, due to the usage of personal protective equipment kits and safety equipment that is not easily manageable. The environment and health and safety concerns for humans require biomedical waste to be treated with an outstanding treatment process that can help humanity manage it by adhering to strict environmental norms prescribed. The plasma gasification technology is the most beneficial and efficient technology for treating biomedical waste. The byproducts generated can be utilized further as valuable inputs in other industries, thus strengthening the circular economy concept. In this research paper, the applicability of plasma gasification for the treatment of biomedical waste in the present scenario has been reviewed. The feasibility and applicability of the technology in handling biomedical waste have been reviewed via various research articles in this study. Also, further steps have been suggested for the Indian scenario to make this technology commercially viable in the long run.

show abstract

“…This process offers several advantages, including the efficient destruction of organic pollutants, the reduction of waste volume and mass, and energy recovery [6][7][8]. Due to the high temperatures and rapid product quenching, thermal plasma gasification minimizes the formation of toxic compounds during waste treatment [9]. Utilizing this technology, sewage sludge can be decomposed into two primary products: combustible synthesis gas and inert glassy slag, providing significant environmental benefits in terms of atmospheric emissions and slag toxicity control [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as plasma gasification is a relatively new technology, there are still gaps in our understanding of its performance and characteristics. Additionally, sewage sludge gasification also presents challenges [9,10], mainly due the heterogeneity of this raw material. Some of these challenges are presented by Gao et al [11], such as the low heating value (LHV) of the material, the cold gas efficiency (CGE), the carbon conversion efficiency (CCE), the greenhouse gas emissions, the high levels of ash production, the high energy costs due to the need for moisture reduction prior to gasification, and the requirement to recover phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and potassium (K) from the ash [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sewage Sludge Plasma Gasification: Characterization and Experimental Rig Design

Pacheco,

Ribeiro,

Oliveira

et al. 2024

Reactions

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The treatment of wastewater worldwide generates substantial quantities of sewage sludge (SS), prompting concerns about its environmental impact. Various approaches have been explored for SS reuse, with energy production emerging as a viable solution. This study focuses on harnessing energy from domestic wastewater treatment (WWT) sewage sludge through plasma gasification. Effective syngas production hinges on precise equipment design which, in turn, depends on the detailed feedstock used for characterization. Key components of plasma gasification include the plasma torch, reactor, heat exchanger, scrubber, and cyclone, enabling the generation of inert slag for landfill disposal and to ensure clean syngas. Designing these components entails considerations of sludge composition, calorific power, thermal conductivity, ash diameter, and fusibility properties, among other parameters. Accordingly, this work entails the development of an experimental setup for the plasma gasification of sewage sludge, taking into account a comprehensive sludge characterization. The experimental findings reveal that domestic WWT sewage sludge with 40% humidity exhibits a low thermal conductivity of approximately 0.392 W/mK and a calorific value of LHV = 20.78 MJ/kg. Also, the relatively low ash content (17%) renders this raw material advantageous for plasma gasification processes. The integration of a detailed sludge characterization into the equipment design lays the foundation for efficient syngas production. This study aims to contribute to advancing sustainable waste-to-energy technologies, namely plasma gasification, by leveraging sewage sludge as a valuable resource for syngas production.

show abstract

Efficiency of Plasma Gasification Technologies for Hazardous Waste Treatment

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

An Investigation of Fly Ash and Slag Processing and Fiber Production Using Plasma Technology

An Investigation of Fly Ash and Slag Processing and Fiber Production Using Plasma Technology

A comprehensive review of the application of plasma gasification technology in circumventing the medical waste in a post-COVID-19 scenario

Sewage Sludge Plasma Gasification: Characterization and Experimental Rig Design

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About