Efficiency of Sucrose to Starch Metabolism Is Related to the Initiation of Inferior Grain Filling in Large Panicle Rice

Jiang, Zhengrong; Chen, Qiuli; Chen, Lin; Yang, Hongyi; Zhu, Meichen; Ding, Yanfeng; Li, Weiwei; Liu, Zhenghui

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.732867

Cited by 22 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Furthermore, compared with CJ and HI, the advantage that EJIH has in spikelets per panicle was detected in all six positions of the panicle, especially for US and MS (Table 5), implying that it was an effective way to promote panicle size from increasing grains positioned in the US and MS. In this study, EJIH had a similar filled-grain percentage relative to CJ and HI (Table 4) and did not exhibit the grain-filling barrier that has previously been found in japonica/indica hybrids [33,34]. From this, it can be deduced that progress has been made in developing japonica/indica hybrids with better grain-filling efficiency in China [8,25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Grain-Filling Characteristics in Extra-Large Panicle Type of Early-Maturing japonica/indica Hybrids

Meng¹,

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2021

Agriculture

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Early-maturing japonica/indica hybrids (EJIH) have recently been released, performing a yield potential of 13.5 t ha−1 and greater yield increase over conventional japonica rice (CJ) and hybrid indica rice (HI) in production. More spikelets per panicle and improved grain-filling efficiency underlined the basis for the superior yield performance of EJIH. However, few studies are available on the panicle traits and grain-filling characteristics of EJIH, as well as their differences to CJ and HI. In our study, two EJIH, two CJ, and two HI cultivars with similar growth patterns were grown in the same fields. EJIH had a 12.2–18.8% increased (p < 0.05) grain yield relative to CJ and HI, mainly attributed to their higher daily grain yield. Although it had a lower panicle per m2, EJIH exhibited 28.0–38.3% more (p < 0.05) spikelets per m2 from an increase of 58.0–87.8% (p < 0.05) in spikelets per panicle than CJ and HI. Compared with CJ and HI, EJIH had a higher single panicle weight and more grains in the six parts of the panicle, especially in the upper secondary branches (US) and middle secondary branches (MS). EJIH exhibited a higher leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), leaf photosynthetic rate, and SPAD values after heading, which helped increase shoot biomass weight at heading and maturity and post-heading biomass accumulation. For CJ and HI, the grain-filling dynamics of grains in the six parts were all well simulated by the Richards equation. For EJIH, the grain-filling dynamics of grains in the lower secondary branches (LS) were well fitted by the logistics equation, with the Richards equation simulating grain positioning on the other five parts. EJIH had a lower mean grain-filling rate (GRmean) and longer days and grain filling amounts (GFA) during early, middle, and late stages than CJ and HI. Our results suggest EJIH gave a yield advantage over CJ and HI through a higher daily grain yield. The panicle traits and grain-filling characteristics differed greatly among the three cultivar types. Compared with CJ and HI, EJIH had lower GRmean and higher days and more grains in the panicle during early, middle, and late stages, which contributed to an increased GFA after heading, improved filled-grain efficiency, and higher grain yield.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Grain-Filling Characteristics in Extra-Large Panicle Type of Early-Maturing japonica/indica Hybrids

Meng¹,

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2021

Agriculture

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“…Phenylpropanoid which was a rich source of secondary metabolites in plants, together with plant hormone, played important roles in plant growth, development, and defense ( Desmedt et al, 2021 ; Dong and Lin, 2021 ). Moreover, starch and sucrose metabolism was the vital pathway in the process of rice grain filling, which could finally affect the yield ( Fan et al, 2019 ; Jiang et al, 2021 ; Mathan et al, 2021 ). All these information indicated that DXWR probably had superior disease-resistance and starch synthesis ability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) provides insights into resistance to disease and freezing

Zhi-qun

Shen

2022

Front. Genet.

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Dongxiang wild rice (DXWR, Oryza rufipogon Griff.) belongs to common wild rice O. rufipogon, which is the well-known ancestral progenitor of cultivated rice, possessing important gene resources for rice breeding. However, the distribution of DXWR is decreasing rapidly, and no reference genome has been published to date. In this study, we constructed a chromosome-level reference genome of DXWR by Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) and High-through chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C). A total of 58.41 Gb clean data from ONT were de novo assembled into 231 contigs with the total length of 413.46 Mb and N50 length of 5.18 Mb. These contigs were clustered and ordered into 12 pseudo-chromosomes covering about 97.39% assembly with Hi-C data, with a scaffold N50 length of 33.47 Mb. Moreover, 54.10% of the genome sequences were identified as repeat sequences. 33,862 (94.21%) genes were functionally annotated from a total of predicted 35,942 protein-coding sequences. Compared with other species of Oryza genus, the genes related to disease and cold resistance in DXWR had undergone a large-scale expansion, which may be one of the reasons for the stronger disease resistance and cold resistance of DXWR. Comparative transcriptome analysis also determined a list of differentially expressed genes under normal and cold treatment, which supported DXWR as a cold-tolerant variety. The collinearity between DXWR and cultivated rice was high, but there were still some significant structural variations, including a specific inversion on chromosome 11, which may be related to the differentiation of DXWR. The high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of DXWR assembled in this study will become a valuable resource for rice molecular breeding and genetic research in the future.

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“…Negative correlation has been found between levels of ethylene in developing seeds and enzymatic activities linked with starch metabolism eventually leading to poor grain filling, for instance more ethylene levels in developing seeds leads to poor grain filling (Zhang et al, 2009). A detailed description of the metabolic pathways associated with sucrose to starch conversion in developing grain particularly during grain filling stage was recently reported by Jiang et al (2021). Comparative genomics study through transcriptome profiling among two rice genotypes under mild drought during grain-filling stage was conducted by Liang et al (2021) and in a suppressed transgenic line of the OsSYT-5 gene, Shanmugam et al (2021) reported the enhanced photosynthetic rate with reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration under water deficit condition.…”

Section: Grain Filling In Ricementioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of Drought Stress on Grains Filling in Rice and its Management: A Review

Panja

Gupta

Dey

2022

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the world’s single most important staple food source for over half of the world’s population, whose demand is expected to increase as human population increases almost exponentially every year. There are different kinds of abiotic and biotic stresses that a rice plant endures. Among the different forms of environmental stresses, drought hampers the production of rice grains notably. The reality of climate change is so stark that more and more droughts are expected to be evident in the distant future. Water, being a requisite for rice cultivation, is gradually becoming a highly limited resource across the earth. In comparison to other cereal crops, rice is more sensitive to the soil water content. Decrease of soil water content or the unavailability of water triggers drought stress in rice. Therefore, the management of drought stress for the growth of rice plants is essential as even moderate stress during reproductive growth may result in a drastic reduction of grain yield. The distinct changes brought about by drought stress not only range from morphological to physiological changes but also from biochemical to molecular changes as well. A number of starch synthesis related enzymes like granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), soluble starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) play important role in grain filling, which are also affected by limited water under drought environment. Due to water scarcity, the rate of photosynthesis decreases, as a result of which dry matter accumulation decreases, which ultimately affects grain filling in rice. Drought causes delayed flowering as well as spikelet sterility, followed by low grain yield during harvesting. The prevalence of drought over longer periods causes reactive oxygen species to form within the rice plants which subsequently denatures proteins and nucleic acids. In many places where drought continues for longer periods, rice plants die resulting in huge loss of grain yields. The effective strategies that have been adopted involves-the development of stable drought tolerant rice varieties through plant breeding programs, the development of short duration rice cultivars which have short growing cycle and harvesting periods that may help the plant to escape drought, the development of rice plants having deep root system such that it can penetrate the soil to find the available moisture and water required for growth, as well as the development of transgenic drought tolerant rice plants which over express specific genes to withstand drought, are few of the effective management strategies that need special attention. Thus, it can be said that drought management for rice production is a crucial step towards food security and food production in the world. The present discussions will emphasize on the negative impact of drought in rice plants and also discuss possible key management practices that can address the existing and imminent drought related problems on rice plants.

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Efficiency of Sucrose to Starch Metabolism Is Related to the Initiation of Inferior Grain Filling in Large Panicle Rice

Cited by 22 publications

References 75 publications

Grain-Filling Characteristics in Extra-Large Panicle Type of Early-Maturing japonica/indica Hybrids

Grain-Filling Characteristics in Extra-Large Panicle Type of Early-Maturing japonica/indica Hybrids

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) provides insights into resistance to disease and freezing

Impact of Drought Stress on Grains Filling in Rice and its Management: A Review

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