Efficiency of the utilization of the energy of food in piglets, after weaning

Burlacu, G.; Baia, G.; Ionila, D.; Moisă, D.; Ta, Vinh-Thong; Vi, Iunkerov; Stoica, Ileana

doi:10.1017/s0021859600058950

Cited by 53 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Protein deposition increased linearly with increased energy intake up to ad libitum (Table 5). This response is more typical of younger pigs (Burlacu et al, 1973;Close et al, 1979;Campbell and Dunkin, 1983a,b), which have a high potential for protein growth relative to appetite. The results suggest that the intense selection of these animals under ad libitum feeding had raised their genetic ceiling for protein deposition beyond the upper limit of appetite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Genotype and Sex Effects on the Relationship Between Energy Intake and Protein Deposition in Growing Pigs

Campbell¹,

Taverner²

1988

Journal of Animal Science

199

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Seventy-two crossbred (Large White X Landrace) pigs were used in a 3 X 7 factorial experiment to investigate the response of two strains of boars (strains A and B) and of castrated male pigs (strain B) to seven levels of intake of a single diet (ranging from 5.3 Mcal digestible energy [DE]/d to ad libitum) between 45 and 90 kg live weight. All aspects of growth performance and body composition were affected to different degrees by both strain and sex. At all levels of energy intake strain A boars grew faster, had a lower feed to gain ratio and contained less fat and more water in the empty body than strain B boars, which in turn exhibited faster live weight gain and more efficient and leaner growth than castrated males. The magnitude of the differences in growth performance between strain A and strain B boars and castrates increased with increased energy intake above 7.88 Mcal DE/d, and these differences were associated with concomitant strain differences in their respective capacity for protein growth and in the relationship between energy intake and protein deposition. For strain A boars the rate of protein deposition increased linearly from 92 to 188 g/d with increased energy intake from 5.3 Mcal DE/d to ad libitum. For strain B boars and castrates the rate of protein deposition increased linearly with increased energy intake up to 7.88 Mcal DE/d, but thereafter it remained constant at 128 and 85 g/d, respectively. For castrates protein deposition was depressed (P less than .01) when the diet was offered ad libitum. Strain A boars had a higher energy requirement for maintenance (3.55 Mcal DE/d) than strain B boars (2.77 Mcal DE/d) or castrates (2.60 Mcal DE/d). Strain A boars also contained less protein and more water in the fat free empty body than the other two pig types.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Genotype and Sex Effects on the Relationship Between Energy Intake and Protein Deposition in Growing Pigs

Campbell¹,

Taverner²

1988

Journal of Animal Science

199

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“…The average values were 10.9 (bp) and 13.5 (bF) kcal/g. Estimates of bp ranged from 7.43 kcal/g (Burlacu et al, 1973) to 15.96 kcal/g (Kielanowski and Kotarbinska, 1970). The range for estimates of bF was 9.5 kcal/g (Burlacu et al, 1976) to 16.16 kcal/g (Sharma and Young, 1970).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Index Selection and Feed Intake Restriction in Swine. II. Effect on Energy Utilization

Cleveland

Johnson

Mandigo

et al. 1983

Journal of Animal Science

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SummaryFifty-three index select and control line barrows were randomly assigned to three feeding levels at 83 d of age. They were slaughtered at approximately 188 d of age to determine the effects of index selection (for increased average daily gain and decreased backfat) and level of feed intake on energy utilization. During the trial, the feed intake levels were twice daily to appetite (AP), once daily feeding of 91% of appetite (AP91) or once daily feeding of 82% of appetite (AP82) intake. The metabolizable energy intake required per kilogram of edible lean deposited (Mcal/kg) was reduced (P<.05) by restricting intake and was lower (P<.01) for index than for control barrows [index: 25.6 (AP), 23.3 (AP91) and 25.3 (AP82) vs control: 31.1 (AP), 27.5 (AP91) and 28.1 (AP82)]. However, intake restriction and index selection increased (P<.05) the energy lost per unit of retained energy (index: 1.33, 1.45 and 1.53 vs control: 1.24, 1.29 and 1.34). The index line had a higher (P<.05) maintenance requirement than the control line when expressed'unit of weight (kg'TS) -1" day -I, but the difference was less when expressed'unit of lean (kg'S3)-l'day -I. The energy cost of protein deposition varied from 9.02 to 11.25 kcal/g, while the energy cost of fat deposition ranged from 12.73 to 12.86 kcal/g. Variation among animals in metabolizable energy intake was explained by variation in lean mass maintained and the quantity of prOtein and fat deposited.

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“…Energy stored as protein was calculated as protein (kg) x 24.2 (Jordan & Brown, 1970). Fat content was calculated as (total energy -protein energy)/39.6 (Burlacu et al 1973). The methionine content of composite samples of the blood plus viscera and of the carcasses from the ten pigs for each diet, and for the ten pigs slaughtered at 20 kg live weight, were determined.…”

Section: Animals and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of ileal digestible amino acids by growing pigs: methionine

1993

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An experiment was conducted to determine the utilization of ileal digestible methionine by growing pigs. Three methionine-deficient diets (0.09 g ileal digestible methionine/MJ digestible energy (DE)) were formulated using cottonseed meal, meat-and-bone meal and soya-bean meal respectively as the only source of methionine in the diet. An additional three diets were formulated with supplements of methionine to confirm that methionine was limiting in the first three diets. The growth performance and retention of methionine by pigs given the six diets over the 20-45 kg growth phase was then determined. Growth rates (g/d) of pigs given the three diets formulated to 0.09 g ileal digestible methionine/MJ DE were significantly different (P < 0.01): cottonseed meal 411, meat-and-bone meal 442, soya-bean meal 496 (SED 24.6). The response of pigs to the addition of methionine confirmed that methionine was limiting in these diets. Crude protein (N x 6.25) deposited by the pigs (g/d) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for those given soya-bean meal (61) and meat-and-bone meal (57) relative to cottonseed meal ( 4 7 ; s~~ 3.3). The proportion of ileal digestible methionine retained by pigs given the three protein concentrates was: cottonseed meal 0.39, meat-and-bone meal 0.45, soya-bean meal 0.47 (SED 0.019). These results indicate that values for the ileal digestibility of methionine in protein concentrates do not reflect the proportion of methionine that can be utilized by the pig. It appears that, with heat-processed meals, a considerable proportion of the methionine is absorbed in a form@) that is (are) inefficiently utilized. Ileal digestibility: Methionine: PigsThe ileal digestibility of amino acids is commonly used to estimate the availability of amino acids for the growing pig. However, values for the ileal digestibility of lysine and threonine have been shown to be unsuitable for formulating diets containing heat-processed meal as a considerable portion of these amino acids appear to be absorbed in a form(s) that is (are) inefficiently utilized (Batterham et al. 1990a; Beech et al. 1991). It appears that ileal digestibility values for lysine and threonine overestimate availability in heat-damaged meals.Little is known about the relationship between ileal digestibility and availability of other essential amino acids. Leibholz (1985) reported that the estimated retention of ileal digestible methionine by weaner pigs fed on five diets ranged from 0.97 to 1.07 and suggested that the ileal digestibility assay could be used to estimate methionine availability. If this is the case then amino acids may vary in their susceptibility to processing damage and methionine may be less susceptible than lysine and threonine.The aim of the present experiment was to determine whether ileal digestibility values for E. S. B A T T E R H A M A N D O T H E R Smethionine were suitable for formulating diets, and to measure the retention of ileal digestible methionine from different protein concentrates by growing pigs.Protein concentrates T...

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Efficiency of the utilization of the energy of food in piglets, after weaning

Cited by 53 publications

References 2 publications

Genotype and Sex Effects on the Relationship Between Energy Intake and Protein Deposition in Growing Pigs

Genotype and Sex Effects on the Relationship Between Energy Intake and Protein Deposition in Growing Pigs

Index Selection and Feed Intake Restriction in Swine. II. Effect on Energy Utilization

Utilization of ileal digestible amino acids by growing pigs: methionine

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