Efficiency of uniparental male and female care against egg predators in two closely related syntopic harvestmen

Requena, Gustavo S.; Buzatto, Bruno A.; Munguía‐Steyer, Roberto; Machado, Glauco

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.07.035

Cited by 50 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…A recent study (Requena et al, 2009) reported comparable findings in harvestmen to those presented here. Although the authors found uniparental male care in Iporangaia harvestmen to be as effective as female care in the related genus Acutisoma, hatching success in unattended broods was significantly higher in male carers than in female carers, just as we report here.…”

Section: Benefits Of Caresupporting

confidence: 94%

Quantifying the benefits and costs of parental care in assassin bugs

Gilbert

Thomas

Manica

2010

Ecological Entomology

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1. Which sex should care for offspring depends on the cost and benefits of the behaviour for each sex. Understanding these differences between the sexes is a fundamental step to explain the evolution of animal societies, but it is often difficult to quantify them empirically. A possible approach is to investigate two closely related species that perform a very similar type of care but in which the caring sex differs.2. Using field and laboratory data, we estimated the benefits and costs of parental care in two species of assassin bugs with very similar ecologies: Rhinocoris tristis, which has exclusive paternal care, and Rhinocoris carmelita, which has exclusive maternal care.3. In both species, the main benefit of care was a reduction in parasitism and predation of eggs. Guarding R. tristis males consumed eggs (filial cannibalism), and thus managed not to lose weight, but R. carmelita females paid the full energetic cost of care. Guarding male R. tristis incurred survival costs relative to non-guarding male and female conspecifics.4. Very high population density and female preference for males already guarding eggs (a preference previously recorded in fish) minimised the promiscuity cost of paternal care in R. tristis, explaining the difference in care pattern between the two species.

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Section: Benefits Of Caresupporting

confidence: 94%

Quantifying the benefits and costs of parental care in assassin bugs

Gilbert

Thomas

Manica

2010

Ecological Entomology

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“…Given that oviposition in Laniatores usually happens immediately after copulation (see Post-copulatory interactions above), males may touch females' venter to assess whether they everted the ovipositor and started oviposition. Considering that cannibalistic activities from conspecific females constitute an important source of egg mortality in harvestmen with paternal care (Mora 1990;Requena et al 2009;Nazareth and Machado 2010), any delay in everting the ovipositor may indicate females' predatory intentions. In fact, cannibalistic females of M. neptunus first copulate with the guarding males and then attempt to eat some of the eggs while they are being courted by the guarding male (Nazareth and Machado 2010).…”

Section: Males Repelling Femalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male and Female Mate Choice in Harvestmen: General Patterns and Inferences on the Underlying Processes

Machado

Requena

Toscano‐Gadea

et al. 2015

Cryptic Female Choice in Arthropods

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Harvestmen belong to the order Opiliones, and, unlike other arachnids, they are highly polygynandrous, with both males and females mating multiply throughout the breeding season. In this chapter, we review the current information on sexual selection in the group, focusing mostly on intersexual interactions. Particularly, we provide an overview of harvestman mating systems, examine different temporal phases of male-female sexual interactions, and explore cases of sex role reversal. Several traits in harvestmen make them unique in the context of most previous studies of sexual selection. First, they have evolved an intromittent organ independently of other well-studied taxa, such as insects, spiders, and mammals. Second, the lack of long-range perception mechanisms reduces the window of opportunity for males and females to exchange information during the very short period between the first contact and intromission. In some cases, however,

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“…in Iporangaia has an important protective role for the offspring, significantly decreasing egg predation [29], at the same time as it increases the attractiveness of caring males [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both body volume (controlled by structural body size) and body mass (controlled by body volume) of caring males decreased as the time invested in egg-guarding increased. Given that the only parental activity exhibited by Iporangaia males is egg-guarding [29], the deterioration of body condition over the course of the caring period is probably the result of reduced food intake, rather than increased metabolic expense while caring for the offspring. Indeed, our field data indicate that caring males feed much less frequently, if at all, than caring males, a result similar to that obtained for another harvestman species with exclusive paternal care, Magnispina neptunus (= Pseudopucrolia sp.)…”

Section: Energetic Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, female rejection, mediated by poor male body condition and/or his low frequency of egg attendance, may prevent an indefinite increase in the number of eggs in an egg-batch. It is worth noticing, however, that the mucus coat secreted by Iporangaia females after oviposition may be viewed as a naturally-selected trait that confers protection to the eggs when starving males temporarily abandon their clutches to forage [28][29]. As a result, if the frequency of egg attendance decreases over the course of the caring period in response to the energetic costs imposed by prolonged male care, females are expected to invest more in the mucus coat when ovipositing in old eggbatches, whose males are probably food deprived.…”

Section: Implications For Sexual Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investimento parental e papéis sexuais em opiliões com cuidado paternal exclusivo

Santos¹

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Exclusive paternal care is the rarest form of post-zygotic parental investment in nature, which has independently evolved in no more than 14 arthropod lineages. Although many of those species are easily observed and manipulated, only recently researchers have started to pay attention and test hypotheses on parental investment and evolution of sex roles in such interesting biological systems. The main goal of this thesis was investigating individual and population characteristics that affect the reproductive success of males of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opilioes) with paternal care. In the first chapter, we revise the theory in details, since seminal works on sex roles until the most recent advances in the area, sistematically approaching the current knowledge abot costs and benefits of paternal care in arthropods, as well as the role of sexual selection on the evolution of parental behavior and sex roles. Then, in chapters 2 and 3, we access energetic and survival costs of paternal care in the harvestmen Iporangaia pustulosa and Zygopachylus albomarginis.Comparing these two species, that show different levels of parental investment, we test directional predictions that males which invest more should also pay more intense costs rekated to care. In the fourth chapter, based on natural history information and population parameters for I. pustulosa, we predict which sex should be choosier when selecting sexual partners, and test such predictions using behavioral data on male-female interactions.Finally, in chapter 5, we evaluate the relative importance of oviposition site, males' body size and males' parental state on their attractiveness. At the end, we integrate all the results obtained during the five chapters into a theoretical framework about the interdependence among trade-offs between parental and mating efforts, paternal care and sex roles, not only regarding the pair od species studied, but in a broad way. Key-words:Costs of care; Iporangaia pustulosa; Parental effort, Reproductive effort, Sexual selection; Zygopachylus albomarginis. APRESENTAÇÃO GERALO comportamento de cuidado paternal exclusivo à prole é provavelmente a forma mais rara de investimento parental pós-zigótico na natureza. A maioria dos casos ocorre entre anfíbios e peixes (revisões em Coleman & Jones, 2011), porém o cuidado paternal está presente também em algumas poucas espécies de poliquetos, artrópodes e aves (revisões em Ridley, 1978;, Owens, 2002. Independentemente do grupo, o que sempre chamou a atenção dos pesquisadores nos casos de cuidado paternal é suposta discrepância em relação a um padrão generalizado na natureza, segundo o qual os machos investiriam principalmente em estratégias competitivas para garantir seu acesso a parceiras e pouco ou quase nada em cuidado à prole. As primeiras explicações teóricas para a evolução do cuidado paternal surgiram no final da década de 60, com um período de efervescência de idéias ao longo da década de 70 (Williams, 1966;. As teorias sobre investimento parental e papéis sexuais lançadas nessa época...

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Efficiency of uniparental male and female care against egg predators in two closely related syntopic harvestmen

Cited by 50 publications

References 40 publications

Quantifying the benefits and costs of parental care in assassin bugs

Quantifying the benefits and costs of parental care in assassin bugs

Male and Female Mate Choice in Harvestmen: General Patterns and Inferences on the Underlying Processes

Investimento parental e papéis sexuais em opiliões com cuidado paternal exclusivo

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