Efficiency of use of nitrogen from dried microbial cells after a period of N deprivation in growing pigs

Whittemore, C. T.; Tullis, J. Bronwyn; Hastie, Sandra W.

doi:10.1079/bjn19780025

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It seems that the amount of nitrogen excreted daily, by pigs at zero nitrogen intake, may underestimate the amount which would inevitably be lost from the tissues of growing animals. In addition to this, the estimate of urinary total N loss of pigs fed the protein-free diet in the present study was low compared to equivalent estimates in the literature (van Es 1972;Whittemore & Fawcett 1976;Fuller & Crofts 1977;D'Mello et al 1976;Whittemore et al 1978). Present findings also indicate that urinary urea N was 0.18 of urinary total N for pigs on the protein-free diet, which was a low proportion compared to that of 0.30 measured on malnourished human subjects (Platt & Heard 1958).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 80%

Assessment of a balance of dietary amino acids required to maximise protein utilisation in the growing pig (20–80 kg liveweight)

Moughan

Smith

1984

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Reservations about the interpretation of 3 recent empirical estimates of the ideal amino acid balance for the growing pig prompted this study. A basal diet was formulated, in which enzymatically hydrolysed casein supplemented with synthetic amino acids was the sole protein source. The balance of essential amino acids in the diet was close to the mean of the 3 published estimates. Eight entire male pigs of 28 kg initial liveweight were confined in metabolism crates, and fed the basal diet for 20 days. They were then fed a protein-free diet for a further 8 days. The basal diet was fed at a level (based on body weight} calculated to allow a body protein deposition rate of 100 gfday. The protein-free diet was fed at a level which ensured an equivalent intake of all nutrients (except protein) to that of the basal diet. Mean daily excretion of urinary urea nitrogen (N) over 6-day collection periods was 93 and 19 mgfkg 075 for pigs fed the basal diet and the protein-free diet respectively. If it is assumed that the difference between these values was attributable to deamination of amino acids from the basal diet, the efficiency of dietary protein utilisation was 0.940. Taking into consideration the difficulties encountered in accurate measurement of irreducible minimum urinary urea nitrogen excretion, it was concluded that the amino acid pattern of the basal diet was close to an ideal balance.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 80%

Assessment of a balance of dietary amino acids required to maximise protein utilisation in the growing pig (20–80 kg liveweight)

Moughan

Smith

1984

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…(2003) reported that the change in BUN levels was lower in the pigs previously fed a protein‐deficient diet than pigs previously fed a normal diet. Also, Whittemore et al . 1978) reported that animals fed protein‐deficient diets have reduced nitrogen breakdown and excretion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of reducing dietary crude protein on growth performance, odor gas emission from manure and blood urea nitrogen and IGF‐1 concentrations of serum in nursery pigs

Cho

Chen

Min

et al. 2008

Animal Science Journal

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Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of reducing dietary crude protein on growth performance, odor gas emission from manure and blood urea nitrogen and IGF-1 concentrations of serum in nursery pigs. In experiment 1, the dietary treatments were (i) CON (CP 19.5%) and (ii) T1 (CP 16.0%). In feces samples, NH3, H2S, acetic acid and butyric acid emissions during the T1 treatment were lower than during the CON treatment (P < 0.05). In feces-urine samples, NH3 emission during the T1 treatment was lower than during the CON treatment (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, 28 crossbred (Landrace ¥ Yorkshire ¥ Duroc) pigs (13.58 Ϯ 0.10 kg) were used for a 42-day growth trial. Throughout the entire experimental period, ADG and ADFI of the CON treatment were higher than the T1 treatment (P < 0.05). On day 14, N digestibility in pigs fed the CON diet was higher than that of pigs fed the T1 diet (P < 0.05). On days 28 and 42, DM digestibility of the CON diet was greater than the T1 treatment (P < 0.05). On dat 42, serum BUN concentration of pigs fed the CON diet was higher than that of pigs fed the T1 diet (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate that reduction in dietary CP concentration decreased NH3, H2S and VFA emissions in feces and growth performance in nursery pigs.Animal Science Journal (2008) 79, 453-459 †Twenty-eight pigs with an average initial body weight of 13.58 Ϯ 0.10 kg. ‡Pooled standard error. ab Means in the same row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05).

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“…However, there were no significant differences (P >0.05) among the experimental diets on glucose, IgG, WBC, RBC and lymphocyte. Whittemore et al (1978) and Whang et al (2003) found that the BUN levels or N breakdown and excretion were lower in the pigs fed a proteindeficient diet than those that were fed a normal diet. For unknown reasons, results from the current experiment showed similar results to those reported by Whittemore et al (1978) and Whang et al (2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of reducing dietary crude protein and metabolic energy in weaned piglets

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

SA J. An. Sci.

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The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of a pure reduction in the dietary crude protein (CP) and metabolic energy (ME) contents on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, faecal microflora and odour gas emission in weaned pigs. A total of 80 weaned piglets ((Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc) with a mean initial bodyweight (BW) of 6.8 ± 0.5 kg were randomly allotted to four treatments with four replicate pens of five piglets per pen (based on average BW) for 45 days. The dietary treatments consisted of i) CON: basal diet; ii) LME: reduction of 10% of ME in basal diet; iii) LCP: reduction of 10% of CP in basal diet; iv) MECP: reduction of 10% of CP and 10% of ME in basal diet. During the experimental period, average daily feed intake (ADFI) improved in piglets fed the LME and LCP diets, compared with those fed the CON diets. Average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed (G : F) ratio decreased in piglets fed LCP, LME, and MECP diet, when compared with those fed the CON diet. However, during the total experimental period, ADG and G : F ratio were not affected by dietary treatment. With regard to nutrient digestibility, apparent total track digestibility (ATTD) of CP was not affected by experimental diets. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in blood decreased more in piglets fed LME, LCP, and MECP than those fed the CON diet. The emissions of ammonia (NH 3 ), hydrogen sufide (H 2 S), and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were lower in piglets fed LME, LCP, and MECP diet than those fed the CON diet. In conclusion, these results indicate that reduction in dietary CP and ME content did not decrease growth performance and nutrient digestibility, and they increased positive effects such as BUN and gas emission reduction.

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Efficiency of use of nitrogen from dried microbial cells after a period of N deprivation in growing pigs

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

Assessment of a balance of dietary amino acids required to maximise protein utilisation in the growing pig (20–80 kg liveweight)

Assessment of a balance of dietary amino acids required to maximise protein utilisation in the growing pig (20–80 kg liveweight)

Effects of reducing dietary crude protein on growth performance, odor gas emission from manure and blood urea nitrogen and IGF‐1 concentrations of serum in nursery pigs

Effects of reducing dietary crude protein and metabolic energy in weaned piglets

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