Efficiency Potential of Photovoltaic Materials and Devices Unveiled by Detailed-Balance Analysis

Rau, Uwe; Blank, Beatrix; Müller, Thomas; Kirchartz, Thomas

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.7.044016

Cited by 300 publications

(400 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…4, the falling edge of the EQE can be attributed to Sb 2 S 3 absorption. The inflection point of the EQE [59] yields a band gap of 1.79 eV. Although fill factor (FF) and V oc do not vary as much between the processes as the J sc , it is noteworthy that despite a lower efficiency the highest V oc of 650 mV is obtained for the Sb-TU process with KP115 as HTM.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

Kaienburg¹,

Klingebiel²,

Kirchartz³

2018

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Antimony sulfide solar cells have demonstrated an efficiency exceeding 7% when assembled in an extremely thin absorber configuration deposited via chemical bath deposition. More recently, less complex, planar geometries were obtained from simple spin-coating approaches, but the device efficiency still lags behind. We compare two processing routes based on different precursors reported in the literature. By studying the film morphology, sub-bandgap absorption and solar cell performance, improved annealing procedures are found and the crystallization temperature is shown to be critical. In order to determine the optimized processing conditions, the role of the polymeric hole transport material is discussed. The efficiency of our best solar cells exceeds previous reports for each processing route, and our champion device displays one of the highest efficiencies reported for planar antimony sulfide solar cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inflection point IP of the falling edge of EQE data served as value for the band gap [59]. The EQE IP obtained from measurements within this work was taken for all Sb 2 S 3 data points.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

Kaienburg¹,

Klingebiel²,

Kirchartz³

2018

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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“…However, this does not imply that these properties (absorption coefficient and refractive index) are the most decisive ones. In view of the fact that most practical photovoltaic devices and even most record devices are limited by non-radiative recombination [80,81], urges us to get access to this loss mechanism by first principle calculations. For instance the tendency of some types of semiconductors to build shallow instead of deep intrinsic defects [82,83] is certainly an important hint towards prospective photovoltaic performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection Metric for Photovoltaic Materials Screening Based on Detailed-Balance Analysis

et al. 2017

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The success of recently discovered absorber materials for photovoltaic applications has been generating an increasing interest in systematic materials screening over the last years. However, the key for a successful materials screening is a suitable selection metric that goes beyond the Shockley-Queisser theory that determines the thermodynamic efficiency limit of an absorber material solely by its band gap energy. In this work, we develop a selection metric to quantify the potential photovoltaic efficiency of a material. Our approach is compatible with detailed balance and applicable in computational and experimental materials screening. We use the complex refractive index to calculate radiative and nonrradiative efficiency limits and the respective optimal thickness in the high mobility limit. We compare our model to the widely applied selection metric by Yu and Zunger [Phys Rev Lett 108, 068701 (2012)] with respect to their dependency on thickness, internal luminescence quantum efficiency and refractive index. Finally the model is applied to complex refractive indices calculated via electronic structure theory.2

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“…Together, PLQY and Δ μ F were analyzed using a well‐known relationship

Δ μ_{normalF} = V_{OC, rad} + \frac{k_{normalB} T}{q} \ln (PLQY)

where

V_{OC, rad}

is the radiative open‐circuit voltage, k B is Boltzmann's constant, T is temperature, and q is elementary charge. The nonradiative recombination losses are

\frac{k_{B} T}{q} \ln false(PLQY false)

= −162 mV.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiative Efficiency and Charge‐Carrier Lifetimes and Diffusion Length in Polycrystalline CdSeTe Heterostructures

Kuciauskas

Moseley

Ščajev

et al. 2019

Physica Rapid Research Ltrs

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CdTe‐based photovoltaics is a rapidly developing energy technology with one of the lowest levelized costs of electricity. But nonradiative Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination limits the efficiency of CdTe solar cells. Partial mitigation of bulk and grain‐boundary SRH recombination was achieved by alloying CdTe with Se, and CdSexTe1−x absorbers are used in high‐efficiency solar cells. Recently, interface recombination was significantly reduced with alumina passivation, but other properties of Al2O3/CdSexTe1−x/Al2O3 heterostructures have not yet been investigated. Herein, further progress in understanding and developing polycrystalline heterostructures with x = 0.2 is reported. It is shown that external photoluminescence quantum yield is increased to 0.2%, quasi‐Fermi‐level splitting to 950 mV, minority carrier lifetimes to 750 ns, and mobility to 100 cm2 Vs−1. Such polycrystalline CdSexTe1−x electronic characteristics match or exceed CdTe single‐crystal properties. The resulting charge‐carrier diffusion length of ≈14 μm is several times greater than the absorber thickness in test structures and in typical CdTe solar cells. Herein, with passivation and absorbers, polycrystalline CdSeTe solar cell open‐circuit voltage is increased from the current 76% of the Shockley–Queisser limit to 82%, or close to 1 V is reported.

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Efficiency Potential of Photovoltaic Materials and Devices Unveiled by Detailed-Balance Analysis

Cited by 300 publications

References 62 publications

Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

Selection Metric for Photovoltaic Materials Screening Based on Detailed-Balance Analysis

Radiative Efficiency and Charge‐Carrier Lifetimes and Diffusion Length in Polycrystalline CdSeTe Heterostructures

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Efficiency Potential of Photovoltaic Materials and Devices Unveiled by Detailed-Balance Analysis

Cited by 300 publications

References 62 publications

Spin-coated planar Sb2S3 hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

Spin-coated planar Sb2S3 hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

Selection Metric for Photovoltaic Materials Screening Based on Detailed-Balance Analysis

Radiative Efficiency and Charge‐Carrier Lifetimes and Diffusion Length in Polycrystalline CdSeTe Heterostructures

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Product

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Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency