Efficient adsorption of dibutyl phthalate from aqueous solution by activated carbon developed from phoenix leaves

Abstract

The adsorption of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) from aqueous solution using phoenix leaves activated carbon (PLAC) by chemical activation with phosphate was investigated. After scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and infrared spectrum characterization of PLAC, the influences of solution pH, contact time, initial DBP concentration and temperature on the adsorption rate were investigated. The isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were explored to describe the experimental data. The PLAC has a heterogeneous distribution of grain and a well-developed porous structure. The main elements of PLAC are 24.26 % carbon, 70.65 % oxygen and 3.75 % phosphor. The BET surface area of the sample is 593.52 m 2 /g with the average pore diameter of 6.31 nm. The single-point total pore volume was found to be 0.52 cm 3 /g. The infrared spectrum showed the complexity of the material. The maximum DBP adsorption rate was 97.36 %, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 48.68 mg/g at pH 13. The monolayer sorption capacity of the biosorbent for DBP was found as 133.33 mg/g with the Langmuir isotherm. The equilibrium data fitted with Freundlich isotherm better than Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin isotherm. The kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second-order model better than pseudo-first-order kinetic, intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich model. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the sorption process spontaneous, thermodynamically favorable and endothermic. The PLAC can be an alternative material for treatment of DBP wastewater.

Fe3O4/multi-walled carbon nanotubes as an efficient catalyst for catalytic ozonation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid

“…Rare earth oxides (Faria et al 2009;Dai et al 2014), transition metal oxides (Ichikawa et al 2014;Turkay et al 2014), carbon materials Saleh and Gupta 2014;Wang 2015) and molecular sieve (Li et al 2014) are frequently used as catalysts. Among them, carbon-based materials, especially multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), have received increasing attention owing to its excellent characteristics, for example, (1) the high mesoporous area is favorable to the fluidity and mass transfer of reactants on catalyst surface; (2) the functional groups on MWCNTs surface are beneficial to their dispersion in water; (3) the resistance to abrasion and acidic/basic environments makes them suitable for intense oxidation circumstances, MWCNTs have been widely used as catalyst or catalyst support in wastewater treatment Gupta 2011, 2012b;Zhang et al 2013).…”

Removal of selected phthalates from aqueous solution by mesoporous-ordered carbon adsorbent

“…The shape of the adsorption isotherms shown in Figure 4 can provide multilayer adsorption of DBP above 0.07 mg/dm 3 of equilibrium concentration. According to Wang (2015), the linearized form of Freundlich (F) equation is given in the following equation…”

Development of attapulgite composite ceramsite/quartz sand double-layer biofilter for micropolluted drinking source water purification

“…The pore size of ACC ranged from 8 to 400 nm (Fig. 2c), indicating that the ACC has hybrid characteristics of mesoporous (2 nm \ d \ 50 nm) and macroporous (d [ 50 nm) structure (Wang 2015). It should also be noted that the pore size range of ACC is much wider than that of GAC typically in the range of 0.7-2 nm (Gibert et al 2013a, b).…”

“…Third, the semifinished ceramic particles were dried at 150°C for 3 h to dewater. Fourth, put the dried ceramic particles in the furnace, and the internal temperature of furnace was increased in step of 5°C/min to the desired temperature 800°C, keeping for 2 h. Finally, the finished attapulgite composite ceramsites were cooled to ambient temperature naturally (Wang 2015).…”