“…28 In addition, the adsorption technique is the most popular mode of remediation due to its design versatility, 29 lack of treatment by-products, ease of service, 30 high efficacy, 31 reusability, 32 low cost, ease of operation, and insensitivity to biological materials in aqueous environments. [33][34][35][36][37][38] Numerous materials have been applied as adsorbents for the removal of phosphate, including clays, biochar, red mud, metal oxides, layered double hydroxides, cross-linked hydrophilic biopolymers, activated carbon residue, mesoporous silica spheres, lanthanum-based materials, metal-organic frameworks and nanomaterials. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] Among these adsorbents, natural biopolymers are polymeric organic molecules derived from renewable sources such as algae, the exoskeletons of crustaceans and shells, 51 plants, microbial biomass, and animals, as depicted in Fig.…”