Wireless Sensor Network is a collection of independent nodes and create a network for monitoring purposes in various scenarios
IntroductionWireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of set of tiny sensor nodes and base station. Sensor nodes are deployed in an area from where we want to gather the sensitive information from various applications like military battle field, any environmental data, health operation etc. A wireless sensor node consists of memory which has capability to process the data and it consists of transmitter and receiver, battery etc. [1]. Sensor nodes are battery constrained, lifetime of nodes is depends on battery usage, it is not rechargeable again and again and sometimes it is not possible to remove. Sensor nodes dies after their usage of battery power and become useless, it affects the overall system performance and network lifetime. Sensor nodes senses the signal and gathers it and process the signal and turn it into information, and then send it to the base station. Base station which is residing inside the sensor field or outside the sensor network, it depends on locality or situation. Communication between sensor nodes and base station requires a lot of energy. Energy consumption for transmission of information by the sensor nodes depends on the distance between sensor nodes and base station. If distance is more it requires more energy for the communication and drains out the battery power. If we place the base station near the sensor network, it reduce the battery power consumption but it has some demerits nodes which are near to base station dies early as compare to nodes, which are far away from the base station. So it creates holes near the base station. it leads to coverage problem near the base station. In that scenario actual information is missed out from that particular area, so it impacts the system performance [2]. Now we can say. In WSN sensor nodes are energy constrained. So saving or reduced the consumption of energy in that area is challenge. Many techniques are proposed and research work is still going on but it is not satisfying the requirement of energy saving up to the mark. To reduce the energy consumption and to improve the overall system performance, a technique called clustering of network is used.