Efficient and air-stable plastics-based polymer solar cells enabled by atomic layer deposition

Chang, Chih Yu; Tsai, Feng Yu

doi:10.1039/c0jm04066e

Cited by 38 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Modifying the surface of ZnO CBL surface with a 0.6 nm ALD HfO 2 layer has been also reported to enhance the electron injection and hole-blocking, leading to the PCE increasing from 4.1% to 4.5%. 150 The R SH of the devices increased significantly with the addition of the HfO 2 layer, while the R S decreased. It was explained that the enhancement in the electron transport arose from the HfO 2 layer which passivated the ZnO CBL and reduced the defect states on ZnO surface, thereby suppressed the loss of electrons caused by charge recombination at the defect sites.…”

Section: Non Fullerene Based Interlayer Modification Of Zno Cblsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…177 Chang and Tsai found that both the electron mobility and electron concentration of the ZnO CBL increased with increasing deposition temperature for the reason of increased crystallinity. 150 In their results, the best inverted device was achieved by using a ZnO CBL (60 nm in thickness) deposited at 90 °C exhibited PCE of 4.1%, high R SH , and low R S 150 An atmospheric atomic layer deposition (AALD) method was also developed to grown ZnO thin layer in atmospheric ambient to avoid the slow and vacuum-based process in conventional ALD. 151 It has been demonstrated that the AALD ZnO layers possessed compact surface, high electron mobility (3.4 ± 0.1 cm 2 Vs -1 ) and good transmittance to visible light.…”

Section: Zno Cbls Fabricated By Atomic Layer Deposition Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their results, the inverted PSCs based on this amorphous ZnO CBLs and constructed with low band-gap polymer donors on glass/flexible PET substrates show performances of: PTB7:PC 71 BM (PCE: 6.5% (glass)/5.6% (PET)) and PBDTTPD:PC 71 BM (PCE: 6.7% (glass)/5.9% (PET)). 140 More recently, Morvillo et al investigated the performance of the inverted PSCs based on the sol-gel deposited ZnO CBLs annealed at different temperatures (100,150,200,250 and 300 °C) for 5 or 10 min. 167 They found that the sheet resistance of the ITO increased linearly with the increasing of annealing temperatures and times, which, in turn, contributes to the reduction of the FF and the PCE of the corresponding devices.…”

Section: Zno Cbls Fabricated With Sol-gel Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ZnO cathode buffer layers for inverted polymer solar cells

Liang

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2015

Energy Environ. Sci.

297

218

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This article provides an overview on the design, fabrication and characterization of the most widely used cathode buffer layers (CBLs) constructed with pristine zinc oxide (ZnO), doped-ZnO, and ZnO-based composites as well as the surface modified ZnO-based CBLs for the improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term device stability of inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs). To achieve high PCE in inverted PSCs, the selection of an appropriate material to form the high quality CBL so as to optimize the electron collection and transport is particularly important. Among the different materials for CBL in inverted PSCs, ZnO has attracted most extensive research in view of its relatively high electron mobility, optical transparency, ease synthesis with versatile morphologies via low cost solution methods at low temperatures, and being environmentally stable. The research has revealed that the electronic processes at the interface between ZnO CBL and polymer active layer play an important role in determining the solar cells performance, and such processes are related to the ZnO CBL in terms of its morphology, microstructure, doping and surface modification. This review attempts to give a general review to better understand the impacts of (1) morphology, (2) thickness, (3) nanostructures, (4) doping, (5) surface modification and (6) composition/hybrids of ZnO CBLs on the solar cells performance. The fundamental understanding of the rapid progress of interfacial engineering made in PSCs would also be beneficial to the development of perovskite solar cells due to similar energy level and device structures.Fig. 12 (a) Schematic illustration of device structure with ZnMgO CBL. (b) Energy levels of the components in the inverted PSCs with various ZMO CBLs. (c) Optical absorption spectra of ZMO films. The inset shows an increase in the bandgap of ZMO films with the increasing of Mg content (x). (d) J-V curve of the device with the ZMO ( x = 0.3) CBL. 48 Fig. 13 (a) Chemical structures of PTB7-Th, PC 71 BM and BisNPC60-OH, (b) Schematic illustration of the proposed cathode interlayer from XPS depth profile; (c) Energy levels diagram for ZnO, InZnO, ZnO-BisC60 and InZnO-BisC60 determined from ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and UV-Vis results and for all the components in the inverted PSCs.

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Section: Non Fullerene Based Interlayer Modification Of Zno Cblsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Zno Cbls Fabricated By Atomic Layer Deposition Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zno Cbls Fabricated With Sol-gel Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ZnO cathode buffer layers for inverted polymer solar cells

Liang

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2015

Energy Environ. Sci.

297

218

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“…ZnO films grown by sol-gel methods have been widely used as an electron conductive layer in this device configuration. 31,33,34,36,43,47 Enhanced electrical conductivity of ZnO film may improve the performance of electron conductive ZnO layer in inverted polymer solar cell. By introducing a variety of methods of doping, several studies have focused on improving electrical conductivities of ZnO films for the applications of inverted polymer solar cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning of undoped ZnO thin film via plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition and its application for an inverted polymer solar cell

Jin

Neupane

et al. 2013

AIP Advances

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We studied the tuning of structural and optical properties of ZnO thin film and its correlation to the efficiency of inverted solar cell using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). The sequential injection of DEZn and O2 plasma was employed for the plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of ZnO thin film. As the growth temperature of ZnO film was increased from 100 °C to 300 °C, the crystallinity of ZnO film was improved from amorphous to highly ordered (002) direction ploy-crystal due to self crystallization. Increasing oxygen plasma time in PEALD process also introduces growing of hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO nanocrystal. Excess of oxygen plasma time induces enhanced deep level emission band (500 ∼ 700 nm) in photoluminescence due to Zn vacancies and other defects. The evolution of structural and optical properties of PEALD ZnO films also involves in change of electrical conductivity by 3 orders of magnitude. The highly tunable PEALD ZnO thin films were employed as the electron conductive layers in inverted polymer solar cells. Our study indicates that both structural and optical properties rather than electrical conductivities of ZnO films play more important role for the effective charge collection in photovoltaic device operation. The ability to tune the materials properties of undoped ZnO films via PEALD should extend their functionality over the wide range of advanced electronic applications

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“…7 The most fascinating one of this family is CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , which has a suitable band gap at 1.55 eV for visible light absorption, very long exciton diffusion lengths for charge separation and transport. [11][12][13] Recently, to reduce the quantity of pinholes, ALD was adopted to fabricate compact ETLs in perovskite solar cells, yielding high PCEs from 8.4% to 13.1%. 9 The ETLs play an important role in achieving high-efficiency cells, preventing holes generated in the perovskite or HTL from reaching the conductive electrode to avoid the short circuit, and facilitating the flow of photogenerated electrons to the external circuit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the optimum thickness of electron transport layers for highly efficient perovskite planar solar cells

Lü

et al. 2015

J. Mater. Chem. A

100

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The fabrication of pinhole-free and compact electron transport layer is crucial for achieving high power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. In this work, we report efficient perovskite solar cells using ultrathin TiO 2 films (5-20 nm) as high-quality electron transport layers deposited by atomic layer deposition technique.The as-prepared solar cells on FTO substrates show a high efficiency of 13.6% employing the optimum 10 nm TiO 2 layer thickness. Furthermore, the flexible cells on PET substrates give an efficiency of 7.2% with low-temperature-processed TiO 2 layers at 80 o C. The effects of layer thicknesses on the cell performance are investigated to reveal the mechanism of high-performance, which is mainly attributed to high transmittance, low leakage current, low charge transfer resistance and recombination rate. Our major findings are expected to provide a guide to design the ultrathin compact electron transport layers for efficient perovskite solar cells.

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Efficient and air-stable plastics-based polymer solar cells enabled by atomic layer deposition

Cited by 38 publications

References 34 publications

ZnO cathode buffer layers for inverted polymer solar cells

ZnO cathode buffer layers for inverted polymer solar cells

Tuning of undoped ZnO thin film via plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition and its application for an inverted polymer solar cell

Identifying the optimum thickness of electron transport layers for highly efficient perovskite planar solar cells

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